Cardiovascular System Pt. 1 - Functions, Locations & Layers Surrounding the Heart

Question 1

Functions of the Cardiovascular System include?

Answer 1

1. Transport
2. Waste removal
3. Temperature maintenance
4. Fluid Balance

Question 2

How is the heart involved in transportation?

Answer 2

Transports O2, hormones, Co2, even drugs (if they manage to get into your system)

Question 3

How are the arteries and veins involved in exercise?

Answer 3

Blood vessels will constrict & dilate to get blood to certain places
i.e. when running some arteries in the digestive system for example can constrict which leaves more blood to go into the legs

Question 4

What do muscles in the arteries allow for it to do?

Answer 4

Allows the arteries to either constrict or dilate. If a lot of blood in an area is required, muscle pulls back so that the artery dilates and the lumen is wider.

Vice versa for constriction - lumen moves inwards

Question 5

What does the cardiovascular system remove waste from?

Answer 5

• Helps in removing metabolic waste products from cells along with CO2
• Can take it to kidneys for removal of waste

Question 6

How does the cardiovascular system help with temperature maintenance?

Answer 6

• Arterioles closer to the body/surface dilate & because blood is quite warm it causes heat to dissipate through the skin via the sweat glands
• Constrict when it is cold outside and brings blood closer to the organs to keep the body warm

Question 7

How does the cardiovascular system affect fluid balance

Answer 7

Blood can take on more water if the cells don’t need water and if cells of the body are dehydrated then the blood gives them water

When entire body gets dehydrated, blood does not have enough water = BP down

Question 8

Because venous blood is said to be deoxygenated what does this mean?

Answer 8

It means that it has less oxygen than the arteriole side; not that it has no oxygen because it does, just less than the arteriole side

Question 9

Arteries have higher amounts of O2. What does this mean for the flow of blood?

Answer 9

• High oxygenated blood leaves the heart and goes to tissues and cells
• Cells metabolize the O2 and release CO2

Question 10

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 10

Area of thorax where the heart is located

Location of major blood vessels of heart

Question 11

Where is the heart located with respect to the diaphragm and lungs?

Answer 11

Medial to the pair of lungs and superior to the diaphragm

Question 12

The double layered membrane that covers the heart is called?

Answer 12

Pericardium

Question 13

In this picture what is the anterior protector for the heart?

Answer 13

Sternum

Question 14

What was the posterior protector of the heart in this picture?

Answer 14

Vertebral column (thoracic)

Question 15

What is the fibrous pericardium

Answer 15

Outermost layer; thickest layer

Question 16

What is the parietal layer of serous pericardium & where is it located with respect to other layers?

Answer 16

Middle layer and sits deep to the fibrous pericardium

1st of the serous pericardium layers

Question 17

The innermost of the pericardium is?

Answer 17

Visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)

Question 18

Purpose of the two serous pericardium layers being next to one another

Answer 18

Produces serous fluid in between that allows them to rub against one another

With every heart beat, the layers come close and the serous fluid helps reduce friction between the two.

Question 19

What is the pericardial cavity?

Answer 19

A cavity that sits between the two serous pericardium layers; allows space for heart to expand into.

Question 20

What is found deep to the pericardium region?

Answer 20

Layer of cardiac muscle called Myocardium

Question 21

What is found deep to the myocardium?

Answer 21

Endocardium - epithelial cell layer; lines all the inner cavities/chambers of the heart