Cardiovascular System Pt. 1 - Functions, Locations & Layers Surrounding the Heart Flashcards
Functions of the Cardiovascular System include?
- Transport
- Waste removal
- Temperature maintenance
- Fluid Balance
How is the heart involved in transportation?
Transports O2, hormones, Co2, even drugs (if they manage to get into your system)
How are the arteries and veins involved in exercise?
Blood vessels will constrict & dilate to get blood to certain places
i.e. when running some arteries in the digestive system for example can constrict which leaves more blood to go into the legs
What do muscles in the arteries allow for it to do?
Allows the arteries to either constrict or dilate. If a lot of blood in an area is required, muscle pulls back so that the artery dilates and the lumen is wider.
Vice versa for constriction - lumen moves inwards
What does the cardiovascular system remove waste from?
- Helps in removing metabolic waste products from cells along with CO2
- Can take it to kidneys for removal of waste
How does the cardiovascular system help with temperature maintenance?
- Arterioles closer to the body/surface dilate & because blood is quite warm it causes heat to dissipate through the skin via the sweat glands
- Constrict when it is cold outside and brings blood closer to the organs to keep the body warm
How does the cardiovascular system affect fluid balance
Blood can take on more water if the cells don’t need water and if cells of the body are dehydrated then the blood gives them water
When entire body gets dehydrated, blood does not have enough water = BP down
Because venous blood is said to be deoxygenated what does this mean?
It means that it has less oxygen than the arteriole side; not that it has no oxygen because it does, just less than the arteriole side
Arteries have higher amounts of O2. What does this mean for the flow of blood?
- High oxygenated blood leaves the heart and goes to tissues and cells
- Cells metabolize the O2 and release CO2
What is the mediastinum?
Area of thorax where the heart is located
Location of major blood vessels of heart
Where is the heart located with respect to the diaphragm and lungs?
Medial to the pair of lungs and superior to the diaphragm
The double layered membrane that covers the heart is called?
Pericardium
In this picture what is the anterior protector for the heart?
Sternum
What was the posterior protector of the heart in this picture?
Vertebral column (thoracic)
What is the fibrous pericardium
Outermost layer; thickest layer
What is the parietal layer of serous pericardium & where is it located with respect to other layers?
Middle layer and sits deep to the fibrous pericardium
1st of the serous pericardium layers
The innermost of the pericardium is?
Visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)
Purpose of the two serous pericardium layers being next to one another
Produces serous fluid in between that allows them to rub against one another
With every heart beat, the layers come close and the serous fluid helps reduce friction between the two.
What is the pericardial cavity?
A cavity that sits between the two serous pericardium layers; allows space for heart to expand into.
What is found deep to the pericardium region?
Layer of cardiac muscle called Myocardium
What is found deep to the myocardium?
Endocardium - epithelial cell layer; lines all the inner cavities/chambers of the heart
