Cardiovascular System Pt.2 - Anatomy of the Heart & The Path of Bloodflow Flashcards
Purpose of Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Superior: Brings poorly oxygenated blood from top half of body to heart
Inferior: Brings poorly oxygenated blood from bottom half of body to heart
What is the wall between the two atria? Where is it found?
Atrial septum; atria still connect to each other
The right atria receive blood from what
Superior and inferior vena cava
What is the fossa ovalis
Thumb print like structure in the atrial septum; remnant from developing fetus which was a hole leading from the right to left atrium to get air from the mother
Did not pass through right ventricle because fetus decided it did not want to use its own lungs rather its mom’s lungs
Going from an atria to ventricle what type of valve do you pass? How does it get its name
Cuspid valve; due to how many cusps the valve has
Bicuspid & Tricuspid
Going from a ventricle to the lungs or entire body what type of valve do you pass
Semilunar valves; due to shape
When deoxygenated blood flows from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk via the pulmonary valve where does it go from there?
Splits into pulmonary arteries where blood is taken to the right and left lungs with respect to right and left pulm. artery
When oxygenated blood comes back from the lungs it travels through…?
Left and Right Pulmonary Veins into the left atria
What valve does blood flow past when entering the left ventricle?
Bicuspid valve
Why does the ventricle side have more muscle compared to the atria?
Atria just dumps blood into the ventricle and this can be done by gravity, but the ventricles need to pump the blood away from the heart.
* Requires thick cardiac muscle
Left ventricle has thicker muscular wall compared to right because of the fact that it needs to pump blood to the entire body
What are the three parts of the aorta that the blood from the left ventricle flow through?
- Ascending Aorta
- Arch of Aorta
- Descending Aorta
What is the interventricular septum?
The wall between two ventricles; same as atrial septum
What are the atrioventricular valves attached to and via what?
Attached to papilary muscle which is muscle specific to the valves of the ventricle and this is via the chordae tendinae
Purpose of Chordae Tendinae?
Not for contraction of blood; rather it connects muscle to valve and controls the valves
What is trabeculae carnae and how is it different from papilary muscle?
Cardiac muscle in the wall of the ventricles; attach to wall of ventricle while papilary muscle are connected to valves
Trabeculae Carnae make loopy shape
What opens the valves of the atria to the ventricle?
Pressure of blood flow; commonly mistaken to be the chordae tendinae opening
PASSIVE ACTION
What is happening to the atrioventricular valves (bicuspid and tricuspid) when blood flows through them?
- Atria fills the ventricles with blood (PASSIVE ACTION)
- Chordae Tendinae closes the valve once filled
- Papilary along with chordae work to hold the valve closed during ventricular contraction
Pressure of ventricular contraction so strong that chordae tendinae & papilary need to make sure valve doesn’t open the wrong way
Are the semilunar valves strong like the atrioventricular valves in which they need to withstand being blown in another direction?
No because once blood gets in, the pressure is weaker, so there’s no need for a significantly strong valve
Does slosh back of blood go back through the semilunar valves into the ventricles again?
No because the cusps are closed so that the blood fills the cusps but are restricted from opening
Where are the coronary arteries with respect to the heart and what do they do?
Superior view; lateral to the Aortic valve
- Take the slosh back blood that fills the cusps of the aortic valve and puts it inside to give the heart its blood and oxygen supply
What is the base of the heart and where does it sit with respect to the structures around it?
Base of the heart is posterio-inferior and it sits on top of the diaphragm
What is the apex?
Part on the inferior portion of the left ventricle, that sticks out
What is the auricle of the atria?
Flap of tissue; sits over coronary arteries to add protection
If you were looking at an external view of the heart what would help you distinguish between the atria and ventricle?
Ventricle has major arteries which are all surrounded in fat (for protection)
What is the coronary sinus
The coronary sinus collects waste from cells of the heart
- Veins on the heart drain the deoxy. blood of heart itself to coronary sinus & open into the Right Atria
Where in the heart does the coronary sinus sit?
Sits in the coronary sulcus (groove); inferior to the left atrium
Posterior side
What is the anterior interventricular sulcus? Where is it located with respect to the heart
A groove that runs between the ventricles on the anterior surface of the heart
- Deep to the fat that splits the atria and ventricle
Note: Also a posterior interventricular sulcus
Explain the path of blood from the veins all the way to the arteries that pump the blood out systemically
- Deoxygenated blood flows from the right atria into the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve
- Right ventricle takes blood to pulmonary trunk and arteries via the pulmonary valve
- Deoxy. blood leaves the pulmonary arteries to go to the lungs to pick up oxygen and get rid of CO2
- Oxygenated blood comes back through the pulmonary veins and into the left atria
- Oxygenated blood moves from the left atria into the left ventricle via the bicuspid valve
- Blood moves from the left ventricle into the Aorta via the aortic valve
- Blood released from aorta to systemic arteries