Cardiovascular System Pt.2 - Anatomy of the Heart & The Path of Bloodflow

Question 1

Purpose of Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 1

Superior: Brings poorly oxygenated blood from top half of body to heart
Inferior: Brings poorly oxygenated blood from bottom half of body to heart

Question 2

What is the wall between the two atria? Where is it found?

Answer 2

Atrial septum; atria still connect to each other

Question 3

The right atria receive blood from what

Answer 3

Superior and inferior vena cava

Question 4

What is the fossa ovalis

Answer 4

Thumb print like structure in the atrial septum; remnant from developing fetus which was a hole leading from the right to left atrium to get air from the mother

Did not pass through right ventricle because fetus decided it did not want to use its own lungs rather its mom’s lungs

Question 5

Going from an atria to ventricle what type of valve do you pass? How does it get its name

Answer 5

Cuspid valve; due to how many cusps the valve has

Bicuspid & Tricuspid

Question 6

Going from a ventricle to the lungs or entire body what type of valve do you pass

Answer 6

Semilunar valves; due to shape

Question 7

When deoxygenated blood flows from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk via the pulmonary valve where does it go from there?

Answer 7

Splits into pulmonary arteries where blood is taken to the right and left lungs with respect to right and left pulm. artery

Question 8

When oxygenated blood comes back from the lungs it travels through…?

Answer 8

Left and Right Pulmonary Veins into the left atria

Question 9

What valve does blood flow past when entering the left ventricle?

Answer 9

Bicuspid valve

Question 10

Why does the ventricle side have more muscle compared to the atria?

Answer 10

Atria just dumps blood into the ventricle and this can be done by gravity, but the ventricles need to pump the blood away from the heart.
* Requires thick cardiac muscle

Left ventricle has thicker muscular wall compared to right because of the fact that it needs to pump blood to the entire body

Question 11

What are the three parts of the aorta that the blood from the left ventricle flow through?

Answer 11

1. Ascending Aorta
2. Arch of Aorta
3. Descending Aorta

Question 12

What is the interventricular septum?

Answer 12

The wall between two ventricles; same as atrial septum

Question 13

What are the atrioventricular valves attached to and via what?

Answer 13

Attached to papilary muscle which is muscle specific to the valves of the ventricle and this is via the chordae tendinae

Question 14

Purpose of Chordae Tendinae?

Answer 14

Not for contraction of blood; rather it connects muscle to valve and controls the valves

Question 15

What is trabeculae carnae and how is it different from papilary muscle?

Answer 15

Cardiac muscle in the wall of the ventricles; attach to wall of ventricle while papilary muscle are connected to valves

Trabeculae Carnae make loopy shape

Question 16

What opens the valves of the atria to the ventricle?

Answer 16

Pressure of blood flow; commonly mistaken to be the chordae tendinae opening

PASSIVE ACTION

Question 17

What is happening to the atrioventricular valves (bicuspid and tricuspid) when blood flows through them?

Answer 17

• Atria fills the ventricles with blood (PASSIVE ACTION)
• Chordae Tendinae closes the valve once filled
• Papilary along with chordae work to hold the valve closed during ventricular contraction

Pressure of ventricular contraction so strong that chordae tendinae & papilary need to make sure valve doesn’t open the wrong way

Question 18

Are the semilunar valves strong like the atrioventricular valves in which they need to withstand being blown in another direction?

Answer 18

No because once blood gets in, the pressure is weaker, so there’s no need for a significantly strong valve

Question 19

Does slosh back of blood go back through the semilunar valves into the ventricles again?

Answer 19

No because the cusps are closed so that the blood fills the cusps but are restricted from opening

Question 20

Where are the coronary arteries with respect to the heart and what do they do?

Answer 20

Superior view; lateral to the Aortic valve

• Take the slosh back blood that fills the cusps of the aortic valve and puts it inside to give the heart its blood and oxygen supply

Question 21

What is the base of the heart and where does it sit with respect to the structures around it?

Answer 21

Base of the heart is posterio-inferior and it sits on top of the diaphragm

Question 22

What is the apex?

Answer 22

Part on the inferior portion of the left ventricle, that sticks out

Question 23

What is the auricle of the atria?

Answer 23

Flap of tissue; sits over coronary arteries to add protection

Question 24

If you were looking at an external view of the heart what would help you distinguish between the atria and ventricle?

Answer 24

Ventricle has major arteries which are all surrounded in fat (for protection)

Yellow is the fat which indicates the split between atria and ventricle

Question 25

What is the coronary sinus

Answer 25

The coronary sinus collects waste from cells of the heart

• Veins on the heart drain the deoxy. blood of heart itself to coronary sinus & open into the Right Atria

Question 26

Where in the heart does the coronary sinus sit?

Answer 26

Sits in the coronary sulcus (groove); inferior to the left atrium

Posterior side

Question 27

What is the anterior interventricular sulcus? Where is it located with respect to the heart

Answer 27

A groove that runs between the ventricles on the anterior surface of the heart

• Deep to the fat that splits the atria and ventricle

Note: Also a posterior interventricular sulcus

Question 28

Explain the path of blood from the veins all the way to the arteries that pump the blood out systemically

Answer 28

1. Deoxygenated blood flows from the right atria into the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve
2. Right ventricle takes blood to pulmonary trunk and arteries via the pulmonary valve
3. Deoxy. blood leaves the pulmonary arteries to go to the lungs to pick up oxygen and get rid of CO2
4. Oxygenated blood comes back through the pulmonary veins and into the left atria
5. Oxygenated blood moves from the left atria into the left ventricle via the bicuspid valve
6. Blood moves from the left ventricle into the Aorta via the aortic valve
7. Blood released from aorta to systemic arteries