Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANA2 > The Rectum > Flashcards

The Rectum Flashcards

1
Q

The rectum is…

A

…the most distal segment of the large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The rectum is continuous proximally with ______, and terminates _______.

A

the sigmoid colon, into the anal canal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Location of the rectum

A

Posterior part of the lesser pelvis, in front of lower three pieces of sacrum and the coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vertebral location of the rectum

A

It begins at the level of the S3 (as a continuation of the sigmoid colon) & ends by becoming continuous with the anal canal at the anorectal junction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Macroscopic differences between rectum and colon

A

Absence of tenia coli, haustra, and omental appendices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Length of the rectum

A

12cm long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diameter of the rectum

A

4cm in the upper part, same as the sigmoid colon. In the lower part, it is dilated to form the rectal ampulla.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The rectum begins as the continuation of the sigmoid colon on…

A

…the pelvic surface of the third piece of the sacrum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The rectum first follows the curve of the sacrum and coccyx. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Direction of the rectum after curve of sacrum

A

It runs antero-inferiorly to the central perineal tendon lying on the anococcygeal ligament and the parts of the levator ani muscles passing to that ligament.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

End direction of the rectum

A

It turns postero-inferiorly as the anal canal, 2-3cm from the tip of the coccyx, and immediately posterior to the central perineal tendon and to the apex of the prostate in the male.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The beginning and the end of the rectum lie in the median plane. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Flexure types in the rectum

A

Anteroposterior

Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many Antero-posterior flexures are in the rectum?

A

Two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the anteroposterior flexures of the rectum?

A

The sacral flexure

The perineal flexure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The sacral flexure of the rectum follows…

A

…the concavity of the sacrum and the coccyx. It is dorsal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The perineal flexure of the rectum is the…

A

…the backward bend at the anorectal junction. It is ventral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rectum - Intra or Retroperitoneal?

A

Upper third - intraperitoneally
Middle third - retroperitoneally
Lower third - extraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many lateral flexure are there?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lateral flexures correspond to or are formed by…

A

…the transverse rectal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Direction of the the upper lateral curve of the rectum.

A

It is convex to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Direction of the middle lateral curve

A

It is convex to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the most prominent lateral rectal fold?

A

The middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Direction of the lower lateral curve

A

It is convex to the right.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Location of the upper lateral curve of the rectum

A

S3-S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Location of the middle lateral curve of the rectum

A

Sacrococcygeal junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Location of the lower lateral curve of the rectum

A

Tip of the coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The distance between the anus and the floor of the recto-vesical/uterine pouch is…

A

7.5cm in males, 5.5cm in females.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The lower one-third of the rectum lies below…

A

…the rectovesical pouch in males and the rectouterine pouch in females.

30
Q

The rectouterine pouch is also referred to as…

A

…the pouch of Douglas

31
Q

The anatomical relations of the upper two thirds of the rectum in men

A
  • Rectovesical pouch
  • Coils of intestine
  • Sigmoid colon
32
Q

The anterior anatomical relations of the lower one-third of the rectum in women

A

The lower part of the vagina

33
Q

The anatomical relations of the upper two thirds of the rectum in women

A
  • Rectouterine pouch
  • Coils of intestine
  • Sigmoid colon
34
Q

The anterior anatomical relations of the lower one-third of the rectum in men

A

Prostate

Seminal vesicles

35
Q

In women, the pouch separates the rectum from…

A

…the uterus and the upper part of the vagina.

36
Q

The rectum is located within the pelvic cavity. True or false?

37
Q

Posterior relations of the rectum in male and female

A
  • Bones
  • Ligament
  • Muscles
  • Vessels
  • Nerves
38
Q

Bones that are posterior relations of the rectum

A

Lower three pieces of the sacrum

The coccyx

39
Q

Ligaments that are posterior relations of the rectum

A

Anococcygeal ligament

40
Q

Muscles that are posterior relations of the rectum

A

Piriformis
Coccygeus
Levator ani

41
Q

Vessels that are posterior relations of the rectum

A

Median sacral
Superior rectal
Lower lateral sacral

42
Q

Nerves that are posterior relations of the rectum

A

Sacral plexus
Sympathetic chain with the ganglion impar
Anterior primary rami of S3, S4, S5, Col and the pelvic splanchnic nerves
Lymph nodes, lymphatics and fat.

SALS

43
Q

The mucous membrane of an empty rectum shows…

A

…two types of folds, longitudinal and transverse

44
Q

The longitudinal folds of the rectum are transitory. True or false?

45
Q

The longitudinal folds present in…

A

…the lower part of an empty rectum

46
Q

The longitudinal folds are obliterated by..

A

…distension.

47
Q

Other names for the transverse mucosal folds of the rectum

A

Horizontal folds, Houston’s valves or Plicae transversales

48
Q

Which of the rectal mucosal folds is permanent and most marked when the rectum is distended?

A

Transverse

49
Q

The upper transverse fold lies…

A

…near the upper end of the rectum, and projects from the right or the left wall.

50
Q

The middle transverse fold lies at…

A

…the upper end of the rectal ampulla, and projects from anterior and right walls. It is the largest and most constant.

51
Q

The lowest transverse fold lies…

A

2.5cm below the middle fold

52
Q

What distinguishes the lower transverse rectal told from the other two?

A

It is inconstant and projects from the left wall. Others project from right or left.

53
Q

Houston’s valves are located along the concavity of the lateral curves. True or false?

54
Q

How many developmental parts does the rectum have?

55
Q

What part of the rectum develops from the hindgut?

A

The upper part related to the peritoneum; it lies above the middle fold of the rectum.

56
Q

The lower part of the rectum devoid of peritoneum develops from…

A

…the cloaca. It lies below the middle fold.

57
Q

The rectum is sensitive to distension. True or false?

58
Q

Blood supply of the rectum

A

Superior rectal artery
Middle rectal artery
Inferior rectal artery

59
Q

The superior rectal artery is the continuation of…

A

…the inferior mesenteric artery at the pelvic brim, medial to the left ureters.

60
Q

The middle rectal arteries arise from…

A

…the anterior division of the internal iliac artery

61
Q

The middle rectal arteries supply…

A

…the muscle coats of the lower part of the rectum.

62
Q

The inferior rectal artery is a branch of…

A

…the internal pudental artery in the perineum

63
Q

The median sacral artery supplies…

A

…the posterior wall of the anorectal junction

64
Q

What are the veins of the rectum?

A

Superior rectal vein
Middle rectal vein
Median sacral vein

65
Q

Lymphatics from more than the upper half of the rectum pass..

A

…along the superior rectal vessels to the inferior mesenteric nodes after passing through the pararectal and sigmoid nodes.

66
Q

Lymphatics from the lower half of the rectum pass…

A

…along the middle rectal vessels to the internal iliac nodes.

67
Q

For nerves, the rectum is supplied by…

A

both sympathetic (L1, L2) - inferior hypogastric plexuses + lumbar splanchnic and

parasympathetic (S2, S3, S4) - pelvic splanchnic nerves and inferior hypogastric

68
Q

Supports of the rectum

A
  • Pelvic floor formed by levator ani muscle
  • Fascia of Waldeyer
  • Lateral ligaments of the rectum
  • Rectovesical fascia of Denonvilliers
  • Pelvic peritoneum
69
Q

Examination of the rectum is done through…

A

Protoscopy
Per rectal exam (PR)
Digital rectal exam

70
Q

Rectocoele

A

Protrusion of the mucous membrane and submucosa of the rectum outside the anus. Children, mid-aged women and the elderly are affected.

ANA2 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions