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ANA2 > The Arches Of The Foot > Flashcards

The Arches Of The Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Human foot perform two basic functions:

A
  • Support the body weight.
  • Serves as a lever to propel the body forward during locomotion.
  • Absorbs the shock produced during locomotion.
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2
Q

These basic foot functions are carried out efficiently by…

A

…segmented skeleton of foot

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3
Q

What are the arches of the foot?

A

They are peculiar bony configuration consisting of the tarsals, metatarsals, ligaments and tendons of the foot.

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4
Q

The foot has ____ arches; they are:

A

3; Two longitudinal (medial and lateral) arches and one anterior transverse arch

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5
Q

Longitudinal arches

A

2 - medial and lateral

  • Formed between the tarsal bones and the proximal end of the metatarsals.
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6
Q

Which is the higher of the longitudinal arches?

A

The medial arch is the higher of the two longitudinal arches

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7
Q

The medial longitudinal arch is formed by:

A
  • the calcaneus
  • the talus
  • the navicular
  • three cuneiforms
  • first three metatarsals
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8
Q

Summit of the medial longitudinal arch

A

Superior articular facet of talus

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9
Q

Which longitudinal arch is higher, more mobile & more resilient

A

Medial longitudinal arch

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10
Q

Ligamentous support of the medial longitudinal arch

A 
Plantar aponeurosis
Long plantar
Short plantar
Deltoid ligament of the ankle joint
Spring ligament (Plantar calcaneonavicular ligaments)
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11
Q

Muscular support of the medial longitudinal arch

A 
Tibialis anterior and posterior
Fibularis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Short muscles of the big toe
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12
Q

Bony support of the medial longitudinal arch

A

Shape of the bones of the arch keep it in position (same as lateral)

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13
Q

The lateral longitudinal arch is formed by:

A
  • Calcaneus
  • Cuboid
  • 4th and 5th metatarsal bones
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14
Q

Special features of the lateral longitudinal arch:

A
  • Built to transmit weight to the ground

- Makes more contact with the ground

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15
Q

Summit of the lateral longitudinal arch

A

Subtalar articulation

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16
Q

Ligamentous support of the lateral longitudinal arch

A

Plantar aponeurosis
Interosseous ligaments
Long plantar ligament
Short plantar ligament

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17
Q

Muscular support of the lateral longitudinal arch

A

Peroneus longus & brevis
Flexor digitorum longus.
Short muscles of the little toe

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18
Q

Transverse arch location

A

The transverse arch is located in the coronal plane of the foot

19
Q

The transverse arch is formed by:

A
  • The metatarsal bases
  • The cuboid
  • The three cuneiform bones
20
Q

The transverse arch exists as a result of:

A

Difference in height between the medial and lateral arches

21
Q

Muscular support of the transverse arch

A

Fibularis longus and brevis
Tibialis posterior
Transverse head of hallucis longus

22
Q

Ligamentous support of the transverse arch

A

Deep transverse ligament

Interosseous ligament Spring ligament

23
Q

Bony support of the transverse arch

A

The wedged shape of the bones of the arch

24
Q

Describe the motion of a walking human

A

Bipedal locomotion, characterised by an ‘inverted pendulum’ motion, in which the body vaults over the non-moving limb.

25
Q

Design Considerations for Bipedal Gait and Upright Posture

A
  • Stability in upright posture
  • Ability to raise & control trunk
    over hindlimbs
  • Ability to balance on one leg
  • Walk with feet underneath body
26
Q

What is the human gait cycle?

A

The time interval between two successive occurrences of one of the repetitive events of walking

27
Q

Phases of the human gait cycle

A
  • Stance phase (Foot on ground)

- Swing phase (Foot off ground)

28
Q

Stance phase

A
  • 60% of the gait cycle

- Divided into heel strike, support, and toe-off

29
Q

Swing phase

A
  • 40% of gait cycle

- Left lift and swing

30
Q

The stages of walking

A 
Heel strike
Mid(Support)
Toe Off
Leg Lift
Swing
31
Q

Heel strike muscles

A

Gluteus Maximus
Quadriceps Femoris
Anterior compartment of the leg

32
Q

Mid Support muscles

A

Gluteus Medius and Minimus
TFL
Quadriceps femoris
Foot inverters and Evertors

33
Q

Toe off muscles

A

Hamstring muscles
Posterior leg compartment
Quadriceps femoris

34
Q

Leg lift muscles

A

Hamstrings
Anterior leg compartment
Iliopsoas, Rectus femoris

35
Q

Swing muscles

A

Iliopsoas and Rectus femoris
Quadriceps femoris
Anterior leg

36
Q

Which bone of the foot does no muscle originate from or insert into?

A

Talus

37
Q

How many bones are in the foot?

A

26

38
Q

The main joints of the foot

A

Ankle (talocrual)
Subtalar
Midtarsal

39
Q

Hind foot =

A

Talus + Calcaneus

40
Q

Mid foot =

A

Navicular + Cuboid + Cuneiforms

41
Q

Forefoot =

A

Metatarsals + Phalanges

42
Q

There are sesamoid bones in the foot. True or false?

A

True

43
Q

Where on the foot are there sesamoid bones?

A

1st metatarsal

ANA2 (33 decks)

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