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ANA2 > The Knee Joint > Flashcards

The Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones make up the knee joint?

A

3

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2
Q

Knee - Joint type

A

Hinge, synovial

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3
Q

Movements allowed by the knee joint

A

Flexion, extension, and a small degree of medial and lateral rotation

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4
Q

In the knee joints, the receptacles for the femoral condyles are…

A

Medial & lateral tibial condyles (medial & lateral tibial plateaus)

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5
Q

The patella is…

A

A sesamoid (floating) bone imbedded in quadriceps & patellar tendon

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6
Q

Function of the patella

A

It improves angle of pull, resulting in greater mechanical advantage in knee extension

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7
Q

The fibula is not part of the knee joint. True or false?

A

True

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8
Q

The medial and lateral tibial plateaus are smooth superior surfaces. True or false?

A

True

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9
Q

Articulations at the knee joint

A

Patellofemoral

Tibiofemoral

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10
Q

The articular surfaces of the femur, tibia and patella are covered with

A

hyaline cartilage

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11
Q

The joint capsule is attached to the ____ margins of the articular surfaces and surrounds the _____

A

margins of the articular surfaces; surrounds the sides and posterior aspect of the joint

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12
Q

Where is the joint capsule absent in the knee joint?

A

On the front of the joint

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13
Q

The suprapatellar bursa is formed…

A

In front where the capsule is absent, permitting the synovial membrane to pouch upwards beneath the quadriceps tendon

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14
Q

Posteriorly, the knee joint capsule is strengthened by:

A

an expansion of the semimembranosus muscle called the oblique popliteal ligament

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15
Q

On each side of the patella, the knee joint capsule is strengthened by…

A

…expansions from the tendons of vastus lateralis and medialis

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16
Q

The knee joint is relatively strong mechanincally. True or false?

A

False, it is weak

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17
Q

Stability of the knee joint depends on

A
  • Strength and actions of the surrounding muscles and their tendons
  • Ligaments connecting femur and tibia
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18
Q

The most important muscles for support here are the

A

Quadriceps femoris

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19
Q

Which muscles’ inferior fibres also aid stability here?

A

Vastus medialis and lateralis

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20
Q

The synovial membrane of the knee joint lines…

A

…the internal aspect of the fibrous capsule and attaches to the periphery of the patella and the edges of the menisci

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21
Q

The synovial membrane reflects from…

A

…the posterior aspect of the joint onto the cruciate ligaments

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22
Q

The knee joint cavity extends superior to the patella as the suprapatellar bursa. True or false?

A

True

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23
Q

The fibrous capsule is strengthened by extracapsular ligaments…

A

5:

Patellar ligament
Fibular collateral ligament (or LCL)
Tibial collateral ligament (or MCL)
Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament

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24
Q

The LCL extends from…

A

…the lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of head of fibula

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25
The lateral meniscus is separated from the LCL by...
Tendon of popliteus
26
The tendon of biceps femoris is split into two parts by
lateral collateral ligament
27
The MCL extends from...
...the medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle and superior part of medial surface of tibia
28
Where are the deep fibers of MCL firmly attached to the medial meniscus?
Its midpoint
29
Which is stronger - MCL or LCL?
LCL
30
Which is more prone to damage? MCL or LCL?
MCL
31
Which ligament strengthens the knee joint posteriorly?
Oblique popliteal ligament
32
The OPL extends from...
...the posterior medial tibial condyle and passes superolaterally to attach to the central part of the posterior aspect of the fibrous capsule
33
The arcuate popliteal ligament extends from
...the posterior aspect of fibular head and passes superomedially over tendon of popliteus and spreads over posterior surface of knee joint
34
Which knee ligament passes over the popliteus tendon?
Actuate popliteal
35
How many intracapsular ligaments are in the knee joint?
3: Cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior) Menisci (medial and lateral) Tendon of popliteus muscle
36
Are the cruciate ligaments located within the synovial membrane of the knee?
No, they’re within the capsule but outside the membrane
37
Which ligament is an expansion of the tendon of semimembranosus tendon in the knee joint?
OBL
38
The OBL rises...
...posterior to the medial tibial condyle and passes superolaterally to attach to the central part of the posterior aspect of the fibrous capsule
39
Which ligament strengthens the posterior part of the knee joint?
The OBL and Arcuate
40
Functions of the menisci of the knees
They deepen the articular surface of the tibia and act like shock absorbers
41
What are the menisci of the knees? Where are they found?
Crescenteric plates of fibrocartilage on the articulate surface of the tibia.
42
At what point is the menisci of the knee thicker?
It is thicker at the external margins and tapers to the unattached edge in the interior of the joint
43
The menisci are firmly attached to...
... the intercondylar area of the tibia
44
What are the ligaments of the menisci?
Coronary ligaments | Transverse ligaments
45
What is the function of the transverse ligaments of the knee?
It joins the anterior edges of the menisci and allows them move together during knee movements
46
What are the kinds of cruciate ligaments?
Anterior and Posterior
47
Properties of the anterior cruciate ligament
- Weaker, poor blood supply | - Slacks in flexion
48
Which cruciate ligament becomes taut during flexion?
The posterior cruciate ligament
49
Which ligament is the main stabilizing factor for the femur in walking downhill?
The posterior cruciate ligament
50
Function of the anterior cruciate ligament
It prevents posterior displacement of the femur on tibia and hyperextension
51
The posterior surface of the patella is covered with...
Thick hyaline cartilage
52
Functions of the patellofemoral joint
- increases angle of pull of quadriceps on tibia - protects anterior portion of knee - centralizes divergent tension of quadriceps into a single line of action
53
Which muscles are responsible for the flexion of the knee joint?
Hamstrings
54
Which muscles are responsible for the extension of the knee joint?
Quadriceps femoris
55
Which muscles are responsible for the lateral rotation of the knee joint?
Biceps femoris
56
Which muscles are responsible for the medial rotation of the knee joint?
Popliteus, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus
57
The middle genicular branches of the popliteal artery penetrates the fibrous capsule of the knee joint and supplies the...
Cruciate ligaments Synovial membrane Peripheral margins of the menisci
58
The blood supply of the knee joint is from the...
Genicular branches of : - Femoral - Popliteal - Anterior and posterior recurrent branches of the anterior tibial recurrent artery - Anterior and posterior branches of circumflex fibular areteries
59
Innervation of the knee joint is by branches of the
Obturator Femoral Tibial Common fibular nerves
60
How many bursae are around the knee joint?
About 10-12 bursae
61
What are the subcutaneous bursae?
Prepatellar and Infrapatellar bursae
62
Where are the subcutaneous bursae of the knee joint?
They are present at the convex surface of the joint so that the skin can move freely during movements of the knee
63
How many bursae communicate with the synovial cavity of the knee joint?
4: suprapatellar popliteus anserine gastrocnemius bursa
64
Which bursa is especially important because an infection of the bursa will spread to the knee cavity?
Suprapatellar
65
Genu varum and genu valgum result in...
... deviation of the tibia from the midline
66
Difference between Genu varum and Genu valgum
Genu varum- tibia diverted medially Genu valgum- tibia diverted laterally

ANA2 (33 decks)

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