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ANA2 > The Knee Joint > Flashcards

The Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones make up the knee joint?

A

3

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2
Q

Knee - Joint type

A

Hinge, synovial

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3
Q

Movements allowed by the knee joint

A

Flexion, extension, and a small degree of medial and lateral rotation

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4
Q

In the knee joints, the receptacles for the femoral condyles are…

A

Medial & lateral tibial condyles (medial & lateral tibial plateaus)

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5
Q

The patella is…

A

A sesamoid (floating) bone imbedded in quadriceps & patellar tendon

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6
Q

Function of the patella

A

It improves angle of pull, resulting in greater mechanical advantage in knee extension

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7
Q

The fibula is not part of the knee joint. True or false?

A

True

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8
Q

The medial and lateral tibial plateaus are smooth superior surfaces. True or false?

A

True

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9
Q

Articulations at the knee joint

A

Patellofemoral

Tibiofemoral

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10
Q

The articular surfaces of the femur, tibia and patella are covered with

A

hyaline cartilage

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11
Q

The joint capsule is attached to the ____ margins of the articular surfaces and surrounds the _____

A

margins of the articular surfaces; surrounds the sides and posterior aspect of the joint

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12
Q

Where is the joint capsule absent in the knee joint?

A

On the front of the joint

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13
Q

The suprapatellar bursa is formed…

A

In front where the capsule is absent, permitting the synovial membrane to pouch upwards beneath the quadriceps tendon

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14
Q

Posteriorly, the knee joint capsule is strengthened by:

A

an expansion of the semimembranosus muscle called the oblique popliteal ligament

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15
Q

On each side of the patella, the knee joint capsule is strengthened by…

A

…expansions from the tendons of vastus lateralis and medialis

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16
Q

The knee joint is relatively strong mechanincally. True or false?

A

False, it is weak

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17
Q

Stability of the knee joint depends on

A
  • Strength and actions of the surrounding muscles and their tendons
  • Ligaments connecting femur and tibia
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18
Q

The most important muscles for support here are the

A

Quadriceps femoris

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19
Q

Which muscles’ inferior fibres also aid stability here?

A

Vastus medialis and lateralis

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20
Q

The synovial membrane of the knee joint lines…

A

…the internal aspect of the fibrous capsule and attaches to the periphery of the patella and the edges of the menisci

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21
Q

The synovial membrane reflects from…

A

…the posterior aspect of the joint onto the cruciate ligaments

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22
Q

The knee joint cavity extends superior to the patella as the suprapatellar bursa. True or false?

A

True

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23
Q

The fibrous capsule is strengthened by extracapsular ligaments…

A

5:

Patellar ligament
Fibular collateral ligament (or LCL)
Tibial collateral ligament (or MCL)
Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament

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24
Q

The LCL extends from…

A

…the lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of head of fibula

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25
Q

The lateral meniscus is separated from the LCL by…

A

Tendon of popliteus

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26
Q

The tendon of biceps femoris is split into two parts by

A

lateral collateral ligament

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27
Q

The MCL extends from…

A

…the medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle and superior part of medial surface of tibia

28
Q

Where are the deep fibers of MCL firmly attached to the medial meniscus?

A

Its midpoint

29
Q

Which is stronger - MCL or LCL?

A

LCL

30
Q

Which is more prone to damage? MCL or LCL?

A

MCL

31
Q

Which ligament strengthens the knee joint posteriorly?

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

32
Q

The OPL extends from…

A

…the posterior medial tibial condyle and passes superolaterally to attach to the central part of the posterior aspect of the fibrous capsule

33
Q

The arcuate popliteal ligament extends from

A

…the posterior aspect of fibular head and passes superomedially over tendon of popliteus and spreads over posterior surface of knee joint

34
Q

Which knee ligament passes over the popliteus tendon?

A

Actuate popliteal

35
Q

How many intracapsular ligaments are in the knee joint?

A

3:

Cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior)
Menisci (medial and lateral)
Tendon of popliteus muscle

36
Q

Are the cruciate ligaments located within the synovial membrane of the knee?

A

No, they’re within the capsule but outside the membrane

37
Q

Which ligament is an expansion of the tendon of semimembranosus tendon in the knee joint?

A

OBL

38
Q

The OBL rises…

A

…posterior to the medial tibial condyle and passes superolaterally to attach to the central part of the posterior aspect of the fibrous capsule

39
Q

Which ligament strengthens the posterior part of the knee joint?

A

The OBL and Arcuate

40
Q

Functions of the menisci of the knees

A

They deepen the articular surface of the tibia and act like shock absorbers

41
Q

What are the menisci of the knees? Where are they found?

A

Crescenteric plates of fibrocartilage on the articulate surface of the tibia.

42
Q

At what point is the menisci of the knee thicker?

A

It is thicker at the external margins and tapers to the unattached edge in the interior of the joint

43
Q

The menisci are firmly attached to…

A

… the intercondylar area of the tibia

44
Q

What are the ligaments of the menisci?

A

Coronary ligaments

Transverse ligaments

45
Q

What is the function of the transverse ligaments of the knee?

A

It joins the anterior edges of the menisci and allows them move together during knee movements

46
Q

What are the kinds of cruciate ligaments?

A

Anterior and Posterior

47
Q

Properties of the anterior cruciate ligament

A
  • Weaker, poor blood supply

- Slacks in flexion

48
Q

Which cruciate ligament becomes taut during flexion?

A

The posterior cruciate ligament

49
Q

Which ligament is the main stabilizing factor for the femur in walking downhill?

A

The posterior cruciate ligament

50
Q

Function of the anterior cruciate ligament

A

It prevents posterior displacement of the femur on tibia and hyperextension

51
Q

The posterior surface of the patella is covered with…

A

Thick hyaline cartilage

52
Q

Functions of the patellofemoral joint

A
  • increases angle of pull of quadriceps on tibia
  • protects anterior portion of knee
  • centralizes divergent tension of quadriceps into a single line of action
53
Q

Which muscles are responsible for the flexion of the knee joint?

A

Hamstrings

54
Q

Which muscles are responsible for the extension of the knee joint?

A

Quadriceps femoris

55
Q

Which muscles are responsible for the lateral rotation of the knee joint?

A

Biceps femoris

56
Q

Which muscles are responsible for the medial rotation of the knee joint?

A

Popliteus, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus

57
Q

The middle genicular branches of the popliteal artery penetrates the fibrous capsule of the knee joint and supplies the…

A

Cruciate ligaments
Synovial membrane
Peripheral margins of the menisci

58
Q

The blood supply of the knee joint is from the…

A

Genicular branches of :
- Femoral
- Popliteal
- Anterior and posterior recurrent branches of the anterior tibial recurrent artery
- Anterior and posterior branches of circumflex fibular areteries

59
Q

Innervation of the knee joint is by branches of the

A

Obturator
Femoral
Tibial
Common fibular nerves

60
Q

How many bursae are around the knee joint?

A

About 10-12 bursae

61
Q

What are the subcutaneous bursae?

A

Prepatellar and Infrapatellar bursae

62
Q

Where are the subcutaneous bursae of the knee joint?

A

They are present at the convex surface of the joint so that the skin can move freely during movements of the knee

63
Q

How many bursae communicate with the synovial cavity of the knee joint?

A

4:

suprapatellar
popliteus
anserine
gastrocnemius bursa

64
Q

Which bursa is especially important because an infection of the bursa will spread to the knee cavity?

A

Suprapatellar

65
Q

Genu varum and genu valgum result in…

A

… deviation of the tibia from the midline

66
Q

Difference between Genu varum and Genu valgum

A

Genu varum- tibia diverted medially
Genu valgum- tibia diverted laterally

ANA2 (33 decks)

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