Peritoneum And Peritoneal Cavity

Question 1

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 1

The peritoneum is a thin, continuous and serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and cover the organs within these cavities.

Question 2

Structure of the peritoneum

Answer 2

The peritoneum consists of two layers that are continuous with each other:

• the parietal peritoneum
• the visceral peritoneum.

Question 3

What types of cells make up the two layers of peritoneum?

Answer 3

Both types are made up of simple squamous epithelial cells called mesothelium.

Question 4

Which organs are present in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 4

None

Question 5

Why is the peritoneal cavity referred to as a potential space?

Answer 5

While the peritoneal cavity is ordinarily filled with only a thin film of fluid, it is referred to as a potential space because excess fluid can accumulate in it

Question 6

What is contained in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 6

Peritoneal fluid

Question 7

The peritoneal fluid consists of…

Answer 7

Water, electrolytes, leukocytes and antibodies that resist infection

Question 8

Peritoneal fluid function

Answer 8

It lubricates the peritoneal surfaces, enabling the viscera to move over each other without friction and allowing the movements of digestion. Antibodies in the fluid fight infection

Question 9

One danger of the peritoneal cavity

Answer 9

It constitutes a potential pathway of infection from the exterior in females

Question 10

What is the special feature of the peritoneal cavity in males?

Answer 10

The cavity is a closed sac in males (cul-de-sac)

Question 11

Peritoneal cavity in female

Answer 11

In the female, there is a communication with the exterior through the uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

Question 12

The peritoneal cavity is divided into

Answer 12

The greater and lesser sac

Question 13

The greater and lesser sacs communicate with each other through

Answer 13

epiploic foramen.

Question 14

Parietal peritoneum lines…

Answer 14

…the inner surface of the abdomen, pelvic walls and lower surface of diaphragm.

Question 15

The peritoneal fluid contains…

Answer 15

… leukocytes and antibodies that resist infection

Question 16

The peritoneal fluid is absorbed by

Answer 16

lymphatic vessels on the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Question 17

The parietal peritoneum is loosely attached. True or false?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Attachment of the parietal peritoneum

Answer 18

It is loosely attached to the walls by extraperitoneal connective tissue.

Question 19

The parietal peritoneum is derived from

Answer 19

somatopleural layer of mesoderm.

Question 20

The parietal peritoneum is pain sensitive. True or false?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Nerve supply of the parietal peritoneum

Answer 21

Same as those of overlying body wall.

Question 22

The visceral peritoneum is derived from…

Answer 22

…the splanchnopleuric layer of lateral mesoderm.

Question 23

The visceral peritoneum lines…

Answer 23

…the outer surface of viscera.

Question 24

The visceral peritoneum can be stripped. True or false?

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Nerve supply of the visceral peritoneum

Answer 25

That of underlying viscera.

Question 26

Fibroblasts in the peritoneum come from...

Answer 26

the mesothelial cells of peritoneum; the fibroblasts promote healing power.

Question 27

What is peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 27

Here, metabolites like urea are removed from blood by artificially circulating fluids through the peritoneal cavity

Question 28

In peritoneal dialysis, the mesothelium acts as

Answer 28

semi-permeable membrane

Question 29

Peritoneum suspending small intestine is called...

Answer 29

Mesentary

Question 30

The peritoneum suspending the large intestine is called

Answer 30

Mesocolon

Question 31

Peritoneum attached to the stomach is called

Answer 31

Omentum

Question 32

Peritoneum connecting anterior abdominal wall and organs, or organs to each other are called

Answer 32

Ligaments

Question 33

Mesentary/Mesocolon is a double layer of peritoneum. True or false?

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Mesentary/Mesocolon occurs as a result of

Answer 34

...the invagination of the peritoneum by an organ

Question 35

The mesentery connects the organ to...

Answer 35

the posterior abdominal wall.

Question 36

The mesentery constitutes a continuity of the visceral peritoneum only. True or false?

Answer 36

False. It’s both visceral and parietal

Question 37

Mesenteries are a means for neurovascular communication between the organ and the body wall. True or false?

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Mesenteries have a core of...

Answer 38

...connective tissue containing blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, lymph nodes and fat.

Question 39

A double fold of peritoneum which connects the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 39

Transverse mesocolon

Question 40

An inverted V-shaped, with apex located in front of left ureter and division of common iliac artery

Answer 40

Sigmoid mesocolon

Question 41

Shape of the sigmoid mesocolon

Answer 41

Inverted V

Question 42

Apex of the sigmoid mesocolon

Answer 42

In front of left ureter and division of common iliac artery

Question 43

Direction of the mesoappendix

Answer 43

It is a triangular mesentery that extends from the terminal part of ileum to appendix

Question 44

What is the root of the mesentery?

Answer 44

It is the point where the mesentery attaches to the posterior abdominal wall, and is therefore a ‘bare area’.

Question 45

Describe the root of the mesentery

Answer 45

Long Narrow Oblique orientation From the left side of the L2 vertebra to the right sacroiliac junction roughly.

Question 46

What parts of the abdominal mesentery are mobile?

Answer 46

Mesentery of the small intestine Transverse mesocolon Mesosigmoid

Question 47

What parts of the abdominal mesentery are immobile?

Answer 47

Right and left mesocolon Mesorectum Medial mesosigmoid

Question 48

The areas of the mesentery that are flattened against the posterior abdominal wall are attached to the abdominal wall via

Answer 48

an additional layer of connective tissue known as Toldt’s fascia

Question 49

The appendicular artery runs in free margin of the mesoappendix. True or false?

Answer 49

True

Question 50

What is omentum?

Answer 50

A double-layered extension or fold that passes from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to adjacent organs in the abdominal cavity or to the abdominal wall

Question 51

Types of omentum

Answer 51

Greater | Lesser

Question 52

The lesser omentum connects

Answer 52

the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of duodenum to the liver

Question 53

The greater omentum runs from

Answer 53

the greater curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum

Question 54

After descending, the greater omentum...

Answer 54

...folds back and attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon and its mesentery

Question 55

The peritoneal ligament is...

Answer 55

a double layer of peritoneum that connects an organ with another organ or to the abdominal wall

Question 56

Peritoneal attachments of the liver

Answer 56

- Falciform ligament - Gastrohepatic ligament - Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 57

The falciform ligament connects the to...

Answer 57

The anterior abdominal wall

Question 58

The gastrohepatic ligament connects the liver to the

Answer 58

Stomach. It is the membranous part of the lesser omentum

Question 59

Relationship between the hepatoduodenal ligament and the lesser omentum

Answer 59

It is the thickened free edge of lesser omentum that conducts portal triads

Question 60

Peritoneal ligaments of the stomach

Answer 60

- Gastrophrenic ligament - inferior surface of the diaphragm - Gastrosplenic ligament - spleen - Gastrocolic ligament - transverse colon - Gastrohepatic ligament - liver - Gastropancreatic ligament - pancreas

Question 61

The gastrospleninc ligament connects...

Answer 61

...the fundus of stomach to hilum of spleen.

Question 62

Vessels in the gastrosplenic ligament

Answer 62

Short gastric and left gastroepiploic vessels

Question 63

Ligaments of the spleen

Answer 63

Splenorenal ligament Phrenicosplenic ligament Splenocolic ligament

Question 64

The splenorenal ligament connects...

Answer 64

...the hilum of spleen to the anterior aspect of left kidney.

Question 65

Within which ligament do the splenic vessels lie?

Answer 65

The splenorenal ligament. The tail of pancreas lies here too.