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ANA2 > Peritoneum And Peritoneal Cavity > Flashcards

Peritoneum And Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

The peritoneum is a thin, continuous and serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and cover the organs within these cavities.

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2
Q

Structure of the peritoneum

A

The peritoneum consists of two layers that are continuous with each other:

  • the parietal peritoneum
  • the visceral peritoneum.
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3
Q

What types of cells make up the two layers of peritoneum?

A

Both types are made up of simple squamous epithelial cells called mesothelium.

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4
Q

Which organs are present in the peritoneal cavity?

A

None

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5
Q

Why is the peritoneal cavity referred to as a potential space?

A

While the peritoneal cavity is ordinarily filled with only a thin film of fluid, it is referred to as a potential space because excess fluid can accumulate in it

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6
Q

What is contained in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Peritoneal fluid

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7
Q

The peritoneal fluid consists of…

A

Water, electrolytes, leukocytes and antibodies that resist infection

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8
Q

Peritoneal fluid function

A

It lubricates the peritoneal surfaces, enabling the viscera to move over each other without friction and allowing the movements of digestion. Antibodies in the fluid fight infection

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9
Q

One danger of the peritoneal cavity

A

It constitutes a potential pathway of infection from the exterior in females

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10
Q

What is the special feature of the peritoneal cavity in males?

A

The cavity is a closed sac in males (cul-de-sac)

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11
Q

Peritoneal cavity in female

A

In the female, there is a communication with the exterior through the uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

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12
Q

The peritoneal cavity is divided into

A

The greater and lesser sac

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13
Q

The greater and lesser sacs communicate with each other through

A

epiploic foramen.

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14
Q

Parietal peritoneum lines…

A

…the inner surface of the abdomen, pelvic walls and lower surface of diaphragm.

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15
Q

The peritoneal fluid contains…

A

… leukocytes and antibodies that resist infection

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16
Q

The peritoneal fluid is absorbed by

A

lymphatic vessels on the inferior surface of the diaphragm

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17
Q

The parietal peritoneum is loosely attached. True or false?

A

True

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18
Q

Attachment of the parietal peritoneum

A

It is loosely attached to the walls by extraperitoneal connective tissue.

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19
Q

The parietal peritoneum is derived from

A

somatopleural layer of mesoderm.

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20
Q

The parietal peritoneum is pain sensitive. True or false?

A

True

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21
Q

Nerve supply of the parietal peritoneum

A

Same as those of overlying body wall.

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22
Q

The visceral peritoneum is derived from…

A

…the splanchnopleuric layer of lateral mesoderm.

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23
Q

The visceral peritoneum lines…

A

…the outer surface of viscera.

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24
Q

The visceral peritoneum can be stripped. True or false?

A

False

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25
Q

Nerve supply of the visceral peritoneum

A

That of underlying viscera.

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26
Q

Fibroblasts in the peritoneum come from…

A

the mesothelial cells of peritoneum; the fibroblasts promote healing power.

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27
Q

What is peritoneal dialysis?

A

Here, metabolites like urea are removed from blood by artificially circulating fluids through the peritoneal cavity

28
Q

In peritoneal dialysis, the mesothelium acts as

A

semi-permeable membrane

29
Q

Peritoneum suspending small intestine is called…

A

Mesentary

30
Q

The peritoneum suspending the large intestine is called

A

Mesocolon

31
Q

Peritoneum attached to the stomach is called

A

Omentum

32
Q

Peritoneum connecting anterior abdominal wall and organs, or organs to each other are called

A

Ligaments

33
Q

Mesentary/Mesocolon is a double layer of peritoneum. True or false?

A

True

34
Q

Mesentary/Mesocolon occurs as a result of

A

…the invagination of the peritoneum by an organ

35
Q

The mesentery connects the organ to…

A

the posterior abdominal wall.

36
Q

The mesentery constitutes a continuity of the visceral peritoneum only. True or false?

A

False. It’s both visceral and parietal

37
Q

Mesenteries are a means for neurovascular communication between the organ and the body wall. True or false?

A

True

38
Q

Mesenteries have a core of…

A

…connective tissue containing blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, lymph nodes and fat.

39
Q

A double fold of peritoneum which connects the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall

A

Transverse mesocolon

40
Q

An inverted V-shaped, with apex located in front of left ureter and division of common iliac artery

A

Sigmoid mesocolon

41
Q

Shape of the sigmoid mesocolon

A

Inverted V

42
Q

Apex of the sigmoid mesocolon

A

In front of left ureter and division of common iliac artery

43
Q

Direction of the mesoappendix

A

It is a triangular mesentery that extends from the terminal part of ileum to appendix

44
Q

What is the root of the mesentery?

A

It is the point where the mesentery attaches to the posterior abdominal wall, and is therefore a ‘bare area’.

45
Q

Describe the root of the mesentery

A

Long
Narrow
Oblique orientation
From the left side of the L2 vertebra to the right sacroiliac junction roughly.

46
Q

What parts of the abdominal mesentery are mobile?

A

Mesentery of the small intestine
Transverse mesocolon
Mesosigmoid

47
Q

What parts of the abdominal mesentery are immobile?

A

Right and left mesocolon
Mesorectum
Medial mesosigmoid

48
Q

The areas of the mesentery that are flattened against the posterior abdominal wall are attached to the abdominal wall via

A

an additional layer of connective tissue known as Toldt’s fascia

49
Q

The appendicular artery runs in free margin of the mesoappendix. True or false?

A

True

50
Q

What is omentum?

A

A double-layered extension or fold that passes from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to adjacent organs in the abdominal cavity or to the abdominal wall

51
Q

Types of omentum

A

Greater

Lesser

52
Q

The lesser omentum connects

A

the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of duodenum to the liver

53
Q

The greater omentum runs from

A

the greater curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum

54
Q

After descending, the greater omentum…

A

…folds back and attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon and its mesentery

55
Q

The peritoneal ligament is…

A

a double layer of peritoneum that connects an organ with another organ or to the abdominal wall

56
Q

Peritoneal attachments of the liver

A
  • Falciform ligament
  • Gastrohepatic ligament
  • Hepatoduodenal ligament
57
Q

The falciform ligament connects the to…

A

The anterior abdominal wall

58
Q

The gastrohepatic ligament connects the liver to the

A

Stomach. It is the membranous part of the lesser omentum

59
Q

Relationship between the hepatoduodenal ligament and the lesser omentum

A

It is the thickened free edge of lesser omentum that conducts portal triads

60
Q

Peritoneal ligaments of the stomach

A
  • Gastrophrenic ligament - inferior surface of the diaphragm
  • Gastrosplenic ligament - spleen
  • Gastrocolic ligament - transverse colon
  • Gastrohepatic ligament - liver
  • Gastropancreatic ligament - pancreas
61
Q

The gastrospleninc ligament connects…

A

…the fundus of stomach to hilum of spleen.

62
Q

Vessels in the gastrosplenic ligament

A

Short gastric and left gastroepiploic vessels

63
Q

Ligaments of the spleen

A

Splenorenal ligament
Phrenicosplenic ligament
Splenocolic ligament

64
Q

The splenorenal ligament connects…

A

…the hilum of spleen to the anterior aspect of left kidney.

65
Q

Within which ligament do the splenic vessels lie?

A

The splenorenal ligament. The tail of pancreas lies here too.

ANA2 (33 decks)

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