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ANA2 > The Gluteal Region > Flashcards

The Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location of the gluteal region?

A

Behind the pelvis and extending from the iliac crest superiorly to the gluteal fold (fold of the buttock) inferiorly

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2
Q

Gluteal fold and gluteal sulcus/crease functions

A

The gluteal fold indicates the lower border of the gluteus maximus muscle and the gluteal sulcus/crease is a skin crease for the hip join

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3
Q

What separates the buttocks from each other?

A

The natal (intergluteal) cleft

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4
Q

Superficial fascia of the gluteal region in women

A

It is thick, dense, well developed, laden with large quantities of fat (specially in women) that gives the butt convexity and cushions the ischial tuberosity

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5
Q

Upper layers quadrant innervation

A

Lateral branches of iliohypogastric (L1) and T12

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6
Q

Upper medial quadrant innervation

A

Posterior rami of L1,2,3 & S1,2,3

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7
Q

Lower lateral quadrant innervation

A

Branches from lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh (L2,3)

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8
Q

Lower medial quadrant innervation

A

Branches from posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1,2,3)

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9
Q

Skin in the floor of the natal cleft innervation

A

Branches from the lower sacral and coccygeal nerves

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10
Q

The skin and the fat of the gluteal region is supplied by…

A

…perforating branches of the superior and inferior gluteal arteries

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11
Q

Bones of the gluteal region

A

Posterior aspects of the hip joint and part of the pelvic bone

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12
Q

Which ligaments convert the greater & lesser sciatic notches into greater & lesser sciatic foramina?

A

Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous

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13
Q

Which vessels passes superior to the piriformis?

A

Superior gluteal vessels & nerve

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14
Q

Which vessels pass inferior to the piriformis?

A 
Inferior gluteal vessels & nerve
Sciatic nerve
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Pudendalnerve & Internal pudendal vessels
Nerve to obturator internus
Nerve to quadratus femoris
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15
Q

What is the pudendal nerve?

A

The pudendal nerve is a major somatic nerve of the sacral plexus.

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16
Q

Which structures pass through the lesser sciatic foremen?

A

Pudendal nerve & Internal pudendal vessels enter

Tendon of and nerve to obturator internus

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17
Q

There is a gluteal radical aponeurosis over gluteus medialis. True or false?

A

True

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18
Q

Origin and insertion of the iliotibial tract

A

From the iliac tubercle to the lateral tibial condyle

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19
Q

Gluteus maximus originates and inserts

A

From the outer surface of ilium behind the posterior gluteal line and posterior surfaces of the sacrum and coccyx to the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur

20
Q

Gluteus Maximus is innervated by

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

21
Q

What is the chief antigravity muscle of the hip?

A

Gluteus Maximus

22
Q

What is forced extension?

A

Muscle movement in where extension of the hip moves the trunk upwards. Gluteus maximus does this and is used in standing up from a sitting position, running & climbing up stairs.

23
Q

Origin and insertion of gluteus medius

A

Between posterior and inferior gluteal lines to lateral surface of greater trochanter

24
Q

Which muscles insert into the lesser trochanter?

A

Iliopsoas

25
Q

Which muscles insert into the greater trochanter?

A

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and piriformis and other lateral rotators

26
Q

What innervates gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

27
Q

Origin and insertion of gluteus minimus

A

From the outer surface of ilium to the I nterior surface of greater trochanter

28
Q

Origin and insertion of tensor fascia lata

A

From between the anterior superior iliac spine & iliac tubercle into the iliotibial tract

29
Q

Which muscles inserts into the iliotibial tract?

A

Gluteus maximus, TFL

30
Q

Nerves of the gluteal region

A 
● Sciatic
●Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
●Superior gluteal
●Inferior gluteal
●Nerve to quadratus femoris
●Pudendal nerve
●Nerve to obturator internus
31
Q

Arteries of the Gluteal Region

A 
● Superior gluteal
●Inferior gluteal
●Lateral circumflex
●Medial circumflex
●First perforating branch of profunda femoris
32
Q

The superior and inferior gluteal arteries are branches of…

A

The internal iliac artery

33
Q

Which arteries form the trochanter ic anastomoses?

A
  • Descending branches of superior and inferior gluteal arteries
  • Ascending branches of lateral and medial circumflex arteries
34
Q

Where is the cruciate anastomoses of the lower limb?

A

At the level of the lesser trochanter

35
Q

The cruciate anastomoses is formed by:

A
  • Descending branch of inferior gluteal artery
  • Transverse branches of medial and lateral circumflex arteries &
  • Ascending branch of first perforating artery
36
Q

Bursae Related to Gluteus Maximus

A

Gluteofemoral Bursa: lies between gluteus maximus tendon and vastus lateralis
●Trochanteric Bursa: lies between gluteus Maximus tendon and greater trochanter
●Ischial Bursa: lies between gluteus maximus & ischial tuberosity

37
Q

The Gluteofemoral Bursa lies between

A

…gluteus maximus tendon and vastus lateralis

38
Q

The Trochanteric Bursa lies…

A

Between gluteus Maximus tendon and greater trochanter

39
Q

The Ischial Bursa lies between

A

Gluteus maximus & ischial tuberosity

40
Q

What is common to all the bursae of the gluteal region?

A

They lie between gluteus maximus and other structures

41
Q

What part of the gluteal region is safest for intramuscular injection?

A

Outer upper quadrant of the buttock is the safe area for intramuscular injection to avoid injury to the underlying sciatic nerve

42
Q

The Trendelenburg test is used…

A

…to assesses whether the hip abductors (particularly gluteus medius) are functioning normally

43
Q

How is the Trendelenburg test done?

A

The patient is asked to stand on 1 foot and then the other foot while the doctor observes from behind

44
Q

Positive Tredenlenburg test

A

Pelvis ‘sags’ on contralateral side

45
Q

Negative Trendelenburg test

A

Pelvis ‘tilts up’ on contralateral side

46
Q

Problems that could lead to a positive Trendelenburg test

A

●Fracture neck of femur
●Dislocation of hip joint
●Coxa Vara
●Nonfunctioning gluteus medius and minimus

47
Q

Causes of non-functioning gluteus medius and minimus

A
  • Neurological damage (L4 – 5 disc herniation)

- Any disease affecting muscles (myopathy)

ANA2 (33 decks)

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