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ANA2 > The Pelvic Floor > Flashcards

The Pelvic Floor Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvic inlet is also known as…

A

…the superior pelvic aperture

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2
Q

The pelvic outlet is also known as…

A

…the inferior pelvic aperture

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3
Q

The anterior pelvic wall is formed by…

A

…the bodies and rami of the pubic bones and the pubic symphysis

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4
Q

The lateral pelvic wall is formed by…

A

…the hip bones and the obturator internus muscles

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5
Q

Origin and insertion of obturator internus

A

O: Proximal surface of the ilium and ischium; Obturator membrane

I: Greater trochanter of the femur

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6
Q

The posterior pelvic wall is formed by…

A

…the sacrum and coccyx

  • adjacent parts of the ilia
  • the sacroiliac joints
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7
Q

The posterior wall of the pelvis is covered by…

A

The piriformis

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8
Q

Origin of piriformis

A
  • Pelvic surface of 2nd and 4th sacral segments

- Superior margin of the greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament

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9
Q

The pelvic floor is formed by…

A

…the funnel shaped pelvic diaphragm

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10
Q

The pelvic diaphragm is made up of which muscles?

A

The levator ani and coccygeus muscles and their fascia

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11
Q

The pelvic floor stretches between…

A

…the pubis anteriorly

  • the coccyx posteriorly
  • from one lateral pelvic wall to the other
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12
Q

The inferior border of the true pelvis is…

A

…the inferior border

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13
Q

The superior border of the true pelvis is…

A

The pelvic brim

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14
Q

What is the superior border of the perineum?

A

The pelvic floor

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15
Q

The levator ani muscle is composed of…

A

3 parts:

  • Puborectalis muscle
  • Pubococcygeus muscle
  • Iliococcygeus muscle
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16
Q

The right and left levator ani lie…

A

…almost horizontally in the floor of the pelvis

17
Q

The right and left levator ani are separated by…

A

…a narrow gap that transmits the urethra, vagina, and anal canal

18
Q

Direction of pubococcygeus

A

from the body of the pubis toward the coccyx.

19
Q

The main part of the levator ani is…

A

Pubococcygeus

20
Q

Some fibres of pubococcygeus are inserted into…

A

… the prostate, urethra, and vagina.

21
Q

The right and left puborectalis unite where to form what?

A

…behind the anorectal junction to form a muscular sling

22
Q

The puborectalis may be regarded as a part of the sphincter ani externus. True or false?

A

True

23
Q

The most posterior part of the levator ani is…

A

Iliococcygeus

24
Q

Coccygeus is situated…

●Frequently tendinous as much as muscular

●Extends from the ischial spine to the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx.

A

… behind the levator ani

25
Q

Coccygeus extends from…

A

…the ischial spine to the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx.

26
Q

The pelvic floor muscles oppose gravity and increased abdominal pressures. True or false?

A

True

27
Q

Functions of the pelvic floor muscles

A
  • Support for pelvic visceral organs
  • Maintenance of continence through sphincter action on rectum and vagina
  • Increasing intra-abdominal pressure during defecation, micturition and parturition
28
Q

Effects of pelvic floor dysfunction

A 
Cystocele (bladder)
Rectocele
Uterine prolapse
Enterocele (small intestine)
Vault prolapse
29
Q

Pelvic floor weakness is associated with damage to…

A

pubococcygeus muscle

30
Q

Large diameter slow twitch type I fibers predominantly and fast twitch type II fibers are present in…

A

Pubococcygeus muscle

31
Q

Uterine prolapse is caused by…

A

Laxity of uterosacral ligaments

ANA2 (33 decks)

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