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ANA2 > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Location of the stomach

A

Between the oesophagus and the duodenum.

The stomach lies within the superior aspect of the abdomen.

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2
Q

What kind of peritoneal organ is the stomach?

A

Intraperitoneal

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3
Q

External features of stomach

A

It has a J-€™ shape, and features a lesser and greater curvature. The anterior and posterior surfaces are smoothly rounded with a peritoneal covering.

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4
Q

Anatomical divisions of the stomach

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

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5
Q

Cardia location

A

Surrounds the superior opening of the stomach at the T11 level.

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6
Q

Fundus

A

The rounded, often gas filled portion superior to and left of the cardia.

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7
Q

Body

A

Large central portion inferior to the fundus

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8
Q

Pylorus

A

This area connects the stomach to the duodenum

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9
Q

Pylorus divisions

A

Pyloric antrum
Pyloric canal
Pyloric sphincter.

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10
Q

What demarcates the transpyloric plane at the level of L1?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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11
Q

What is the most dilated portion of the GIT?

A

Stomach

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12
Q

Compartments of the gullet

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Abdominal

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13
Q

What is in the anterior portion of the abdominal space?

A

GIT

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14
Q

Direction of greater curvature

A

Long, Convex, Lateral Border

Cardiac notch —> Inferiorly to the left —> Curves to the right —> Pyloric antrum.

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15
Q

Angular notch, function

A

It indicates the junction of the body and pyloric region.

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16
Q

What are the sphincters of the stomach?

A

Inferior Oesophageal Sphincter

Pyloric Sphincter

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17
Q

Inferior Oesophageal Sphincter

A
  • Marks the transition point between the oesophagus and stomach.
  • It allows food to pass through the cardiac orifice and into the stomach
  • Not under voluntary control.
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18
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

A
  • Lies between the pylorus and the first part of the duodenum.
  • Controls of the exit of chyme (food and gastric acid mixture) from the stomach.
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19
Q

What is an anatomical sphincter?

A

Anatomical sphincters have a localised and often circular muscle thickening to facilitate their action as a sphincter.

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20
Q

What determines the emptying of the stomach

A

Emptying of the stomach occurs intermittently when intragastric pressure overcomes the resistance of the pylorus.

Gastric peristalsis pushes the chyme through the pyloric canal into the duodenum for further digestion.

21
Q

Two structures that support the stomach

A

Greater and lesser omentum

22
Q

The greater and lesser sacs communicate via…

A

…the epiploic foramen, a hole in the lesser omentum.

23
Q

Together, the greater and lesser omenta divide the abdominal cavity into…

A

… two; the greater and lesser sac.

24
Q

The stomach lies…

A

… immediately anterior to the lesser sac.

25
Q

The arterial supply to the stomach

A

It comes from the celiac trunk and its branches.

Anastomoses form:
- along the lesser curvature by the right and left gastric arteries

  • along the greater curvature by the right and left gastro-omental arteries:
26
Q

Innervation of the stomach

A

Both sides of the ANS

27
Q

What is rugae?

A

A series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ. The lining of the stomach at rest is thrown into thick, velvety folds called rugae.

28
Q

Functions of the stomach

A
  • Support
  • Milky spots for lymphatic protection through phagocytosis (immune property)
  • Attachment of fats to prevent deposition of tissue on small intestine
  • Food mixing
  • Protein digestion
  • Sterilization
29
Q

Which parts of the abdomen is the stomach found?

A

It primarily lies in the epigastric, left hypochondriac and umbilical regions.

30
Q

What is the shape of the distended stomach?

A

When partially distended, it becomes piriform in shape

31
Q

Mean capacity of the stomach

A

The mean capacity is:
• one ounce (30 ml) at birth,
• one liter (1000 ml) at puberty,
• 1½ to 2 liters or more in adults.

32
Q

What are the openings of the stomach?

A

Cardiac orifice

Pyloric orifice

33
Q

How many arteries supply the stomach?

A

Five from the coeliac trunk

34
Q

The arteries that supply the stomach originate from…

A

The coeliac trunk

35
Q

The branches of the coeliac trunk that supply the stomach are

A
  • (a) Left gastric artery
  • (b) Right gastric artery
  • (c) Right gastroepiploic
  • (d) Short gastric branches of splenic
  • (e) Left gastroepiploic
36
Q

Superior anatomical relations of the stomach

A

Oesophagus

Diaphragm

37
Q

Which part of the stomach is most vulnerable to peptic ulcer?

A

The lesser curvature bears maximum insult of the swallowed liquids, which makes it vulnerable to peptic ulcer

38
Q

What type of sphincter is the gastroesophageal sphincter?

A

Physiological

39
Q

The greater curvature gives attachment to the following dorsal mesenteries from above:

A
  1. Gastro phrenic ligament
  2. Gastro splenic ligament
  3. Greater omentum
40
Q

What are gastric pits?

A

Numerous small depressions in the mucosa of the stomach into which the gastric glands open

41
Q

Anterior anatomical relations of the stomach

A 
Diaphragm
Greater omentum
Anterior abdominal wall
Left lobe of liver
Gall bladder
42
Q

Posterior anatomical relations of the stomach

A 
Lesser sac
Pancreas
Left kidney
Left adrenal gland
Spleen
Splenic artery
Left colic flexure 
Transverse mesocolon upper layer
43
Q

All the veins of the stomach drain into…

A

…portal circulation

44
Q

The stomach receives innervation from…

A

…the ANS

45
Q

Parasympathetic nerve supply of the stomach arises from…

A

…the anterior and posterior vagal trunks, derived from the vagus nerve.

46
Q

The Sympathetic nerve supply of the stomach arises from…

A

…the T6-T9 spinal cord segments and passes to the coeliac plexus via the greater splanchnic nerve

47
Q

Gastric lymph fluid drains into the…

A

…gastric and gastro-omental lymph nodes found at the curvatures.

48
Q

What marks the junction of the gastric and oesophageal mucosa?

A

A zigzag line

49
Q

Oesophageal diverticulum

A

An embryonic anomaly that occurs when a pouch forms along the oesophagus due to a weakening of the wall, creating a hideout for particles. Treated surgically.

ANA2 (33 decks)

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