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ANA2 > The Pelvic Girdle > Flashcards

The Pelvic Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvic Girdle =

A

Hip bone + Hip bone

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2
Q

At what points do the hip joints fuse to form the pelvic girdle?

A

To each other at the pubic symphysis

To the vertebral column at the sacroiliac joints

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3
Q

Functions of pelvic girdle

A
  • Connects the axial skeleton to the lower limbs
  • Supports and protects the lower abdominal and pelvic organs
  • Provides attachment for a number of muscles and ligaments used in locomotion.
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4
Q

What are the bones that make up the pelvic girdle?

A

Two hip bones
Sacrum
Coccyx

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5
Q

How many articulations are there within the pelvis?

A

4

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6
Q

What are the articulations at the pelvic girdle?

A

Sacroiliac joints (x2)
Sacrococcygeal symphysis
Pubic symphysis

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7
Q

The osteology of the pelvic girdle allows the pelvic region to be divided into:

A

Two.

Greater (false) pelvis
Lesser (true) pelvis

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8
Q

Greater pelvis (false pelvis)

A
  • Located superiorly
  • Provides support of the lower abdominal viscera (such as the ileum and sigmoid colon)
  • Little obstetric relevance
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9
Q

Lesser pelvis (true pelvis)

A
  • Located inferiorly

- Within the lesser pelvis reside the pelvic cavity and pelvic viscera.

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10
Q

The junction between the greater and lesser pelvis is known as…

A

…the pelvic inlet.

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11
Q

The outer bony edges of the pelvic inlet are called…

A

…the pelvic brim

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12
Q

The borders of the pelvic inlet:

A

Posterior - Sacral promontory (the superior portion of the sacrum) and sacral wings (ala)

Lateral – Arcuate line on the inner surface of the ilium, and the pectineal line on the superior pubic ramus

Anterior – Pubic symphysis.

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13
Q

Linea Terminalis

A

The combined pectineal line, arcuate line and sacral promontory

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14
Q

Iliopectineal line

A

The combined arcuate and pectineal lines. This represents the lateral border of the pelvic inlet.

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15
Q

The borders of the pelvic outlet

A

Posterior - The tip of the coccyx

Lateral - The ischial tuberosities and the inferior margin of the sacrotuberous ligament

Anterior - The pubic arch (the inferior border of the ischiopubic rami).

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16
Q

The angle beneath the pubic arch is known as…

A

…the sub-pubic angle

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17
Q

The female pelvis is described as:

A

…gynaecoid

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18
Q

The male pelvis is described as:

A

…android

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19
Q

When comparing the two pelvises, the gynaecoid pelvis has:

A
  • Wider and broader structure
  • Lighter weight
  • An oval-shaped inlet
  • Less prominent ischial spines
  • A greater angled sub-pubic arch, more than 80-90 degrees.
  • Shorter, more curved sacrum with a less pronounced sacral promontory.
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20
Q

Shape of pelvic inlet in android pelvis

A

Heart-shaped

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21
Q

Why is the ischial spine shorter in the gynaecoid pelvis?

A

To allow for a greater bispinous diameter

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22
Q

What is the diagonal conjugate of the pelvis?

A

The diagonal conjugate is the distance between the inferior border of the pubic symphysis and the sacral promontory. It is ~12cm in women

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23
Q

What is the obstetric or true conjugate of the pelvis?

A

This distance between the sacral promontory and the midpoint of the pubic symphysis (where the pubic bone is thickest), estimated at ~11cm, ~1.5cm less than the diagonal conjugate.

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24
Q

What is the transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet in women?

A

~13cm

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25
Q

What is the transverse diameter of the pelvic outlet in women?

A

~11cm

26
Q

What is the widest distance of the pelvic inlet?

A

The transverse diameter

27
Q

What is the oblique diameter of the gynaecoid pelvis?

A

~12.5cm

28
Q

What is the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic outlet?

A

~9.5cm to 11.5cm

29
Q

The pelvic bones articulate with the axial skeleton via…

A

…the sacrum

30
Q

The hip bones are also known as…

A

Pelvic or coxal bones

31
Q

What is the primary function of the pelvic girdle?

A

Weight bearing and transfer to the lower limbs

32
Q

What are the primary joints of the pelvic girdle?

A

Sacroiliac Joint

Pubic symphysis

33
Q

Secondary joints of the pelvic girdle

A
  • Lumbo-sacral joint

- Sacrococcygeal joints

34
Q

The sacroiliac joint is a compound joint made up of:

A

a. Anterior synovial joint

b. Posterior syndesmosis b/w tuberosities of bone

35
Q

What produces the interlocking of the bones of the synovial sacroiliac joint?

A

The articular surface of synovial joint has irregular elevations and depressions

36
Q

There is limited mobility in the sacroiliac joint. True or false?

A

True. Limited mobility is allowed because of weight transfer.

37
Q

Both sacroiliac joints move together as…

A

…a single unit and are considered bicondylar joints.

38
Q

The sacroiliac joints are covered by…

A

…two types of cartilage:

  • Sacral surface - hyaline cartilage
  • Ilial surface - fibrocartilage
39
Q

Dislocations of the sacroiliac joints are rare. True or false?

A

True!

40
Q

What are the ligaments of the sacroiliac joints?

A
  1. Anterior sacroiliac ligament
  2. Posterior sacroiliac ligament
  3. Interroseous sacroiliac ligament
  4. Sacrospinous ligament
  5. Sacrotuberous ligament
41
Q

The anterior sacroiliac ligament is a thick and strong ligament. True or false?

A

False. It is a weak and thin ligament.

42
Q

The fibres of the posterior sacroiliac ligament are divided into

A

short (intrinsic)- horizontal, in upper part
long (extrinsic) – oblique, in lower part
-Strong ligament uniting the sacrum and ilium
-Consists of series of:
•Long fibres - run in an oblique vertical direction
•Short fibres - run perpendicular
from behind the articular surfaces of the sacrum to the ilium
functions to keep the sacroiliac joint from distracting or opening.

43
Q

Which fibre of the posterior sacroiliac joint is horizontal and in upper part?

A

(extrinsic) – oblique, in lower part

44
Q

Which fibre of the posterior sacroiliac joint is oblique and in the lower part?

A

Long (extrinsic)

45
Q

Function of the posterior sacroiliac ligament?

A

It keeps the sacroiliac joint from distracting or opening.

46
Q

Which ligament is often stronger than bone such that a pelvic fracture occurs before it is torn?

A

The interroseous sacroiliac ligament

47
Q

The interroseous sacroiliac ligament lies…

A

… deep to posterior ligament

48
Q

What are the extrinsic sacroiliac ligaments?

A
  • Sacrospinous

- Sacrotuberous

49
Q

Which ligament transforms the sciatic notch to the sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

50
Q

The sacrotuberous ligament joins…

A

fibres of the posterior ligament inferiorly

51
Q

The sacrotuberous ligament extends from…

A

…the posterior margin of the ilium to base of coccyx

52
Q

Causes of sacroiliac joint dysfunction

A
  • Traumatic - Fall
  • Biomechanical - Leg length discrepancy
  • Hormonal
  • Inflammatory joint disease
53
Q

The interpubic disc of the pubic symphysis is wider in

A

…females

54
Q

The pubic symphysis is made up of…

A

fibrocartilaginous interpubic disc and surrounding ligaments

55
Q

Secondary cartilaginous joints in the pelvis

A

Pubic symphysis

Sacrococcygeal joint

56
Q

Ligaments of the pubic symphysis are thickened to form…

A
  • Superior pubic lig.
  • Inferior pubic lig
  • Anterior pubic lig
  • Posterior pubic lig
57
Q

The lumbosacral joint is made up of 2 joints…

A
  • Intervertebral b/w L5/S1 (anterior)

- Zygapophyseal b/w articular processes

58
Q

The lumbosacral joint is strengthened by…

A

…iliolumbar ligament

59
Q

The sacrococcygeal joint is made up of…

A

…fibrocartilage and ligaments joining the apex of sacrum to base of coccyx

60
Q

The erect pelvis is inclined to what angle?

A

80 degrees

61
Q

Boundaries of the greater pelvis

A

Anterior - Anterior abdominal wall
Posterior - L5, S1 vertebrae
Postero-lateral - Iliac fossa

62
Q

The lesser pelvis is limited inferior by…

A

…the musculofascial pelvic diaphragm

ANA2 (33 decks)

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