The Periodic Law

Question 1

Dmitri Mendeleev

Answer 1

Russian chemist

developed and published the first periodic table of the elements

predicted the discovery of several new elements

Question 2

Mendeleev’s periodic table

Answer 2

organized by increasing atomic mass

showed repeating (periodic) properties in columns

not perfect but highly accurate

Question 3

Henry Moseley

Answer 3

English physicist

discovered that the elements in the periodic table fit into patterns better when they were arranged in increasing order according to the number of protons than by atomic mass

led to the definition of atomic number

rearranged the periodic table by atomic number

discovered the periodic law

Question 4

periodic law

Answer 4

states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

Question 5

periodic table

Answer 5

an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column

Question 6

groups

families

Answer 6

vertical columns on the periodic table

Question 7

information given by groups

Answer 7

number of valance electrons in elements

Question 8

quantum numbers given by groups

Answer 8

angular momentum quantum number

magnetic quantum number

spin quantum number

Question 9

range of groups

Answer 9

1 to 18

Question 10

periods

Answer 10

horizontal rows on the periodic table

Question 11

information given by periods

Answer 11

number of energy levels in elements

Question 12

quantum number given by periods

Answer 12

principal quantum number

Question 13

range of periods

Answer 13

1 to 7

Question 14

blocks

Answer 14

4 regions of the periodic table containing elements based on the electron configurations of elements

Question 15

determination of blocks on periodic table

Answer 15

sublevel being filled in successive elements of that block

Question 16

quantum number given by blocks

Answer 16

angular momentum quantum number

Question 17

range of blocks

Answer 17

s

p

d

f

Question 18

s-block

Answer 18

group 1 and group 2 on the periodic table

Question 19

p-block

Answer 19

group 13 through group 18 on the periodic table

Question 20

d-block

Answer 20

group 3 through group 12 on the periodic table

Question 21

f-block

Answer 21

lanthanides series and actinide series on the periodic table

Question 22

main group elements

Answer 22

s-block elements and p-block elements

Question 23

general valence electron configuration of group 1

Answer 23

ns¹

Question 24

general valence electron configuration of group 2

Answer 24

ns²

Question 25

general valence electron configuration of group 3

Answer 25

ns²(n-1)d¹

Question 26

general valence electron configuration of group 4

Answer 26

ns²(n-1)d²

Question 27

general valence electron configuration of group 5

Answer 27

ns²(n-1)d³

Question 28

general valence electron configuration of group 6

Answer 28

ns¹(n-1)d⁵

Question 29

general valence electron configuration of group 7

Answer 29

ns²(n-1)d⁵

Question 30

general valence electron configuration of group 8

Answer 30

ns²(n-1)d⁶

Question 31

general valence electron configuration of group 9

Answer 31

ns²(n-1)d⁷

Question 32

general valence electron configuration of group 10

Answer 32

ns²(n-1)d⁸

Question 33

general valence electron configuration of group 11

Answer 33

ns¹(n-1)d¹⁰

Question 34

general valence electron configuration of group 12

Answer 34

ns²(n-1)d¹⁰

Question 35

general valence electron configuration of group 13

Answer 35

ns²np¹

Question 36

general valence electron configuration of group 14

Answer 36

ns²np²

Question 37

general valence electron configuration of group 15

Answer 37

ns²np³

Question 38

general valence electron configuration of group 16

Answer 38

ns²np⁴

Question 39

general valence electron configuration of group 17

Answer 39

ns²np⁵

Question 40

general valence electron configuration of group 18

Answer 40

ns²np⁶

Question 41

types of periodicity

Answer 41

atomic radii ionic radii ionization energy electron affinity electronegativity shielding effect chemical reactivity

Question 42

cation

Answer 42

positively charged ions formed by the loss of all valence electrons in an element made from atoms of metals

Question 43

oxidation

Answer 43

loss of electrons

Question 44

anions

Answer 44

negatively charged ions formed by gaining enough electrons to obtain a noble gas configuration made from atoms of nonmetals

Question 45

reduction

Answer 45

gain of electrons

Question 46

atomic radii

Answer 46

distance from the center of the nucleus of an atom to the border of the electron cloud found by calculating half of the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together because there is no definite border of the electron cloud

Question 47

periodic trends of atomic radii

Answer 47

decreases from left to right increases from top to bottom

Question 48

ionic radii

Answer 48

distance from the center of the nucleus of an ion to the border of an electron cloud

Question 49

ionic radii of cations (in comparison to an atom)

Answer 49

smaller than the atomic radius of a neutral atom due to loss of electrons

Question 50

ionic radii of anions (in comparison to an atom)

Answer 50

larger than atomic radius of a neutral atom due to gain of electrons

Question 51

periodic trends of ionic radii

Answer 51

decreases from left to right increases from top to bottom

Question 52

ionization energy (IE)

Answer 52

amount of energy (in kJ/mol) needed to remove 1 electron from a neutral atom

Question 53

n^th ionization energy (IE_n)

Answer 53

energy (in kJ/mol) needed to remove an atom's n^th electron after the (n-1) electrons removed before it

Question 54

periodic trends of ionization energy

Answer 54

increases from left to right decreases from top to bottom

Question 55

electron affinity (EA)

Answer 55

release of energy that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom

Question 56

periodic trends of electron affinity

Answer 56

increases from left to right decreases from top to bottom

Question 57

reason for electron affinity of last group of each block to be equal to zero

Answer 57

final group of each block has filled all orbitals but new orbitals cannot be built for anions

Question 58

significance of a negative electron affinity value

Answer 58

represents amount of energy released does not represent a negative measurement (not possible)

Question 59

electronegativity

Answer 59

a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons based upon the arbitrarily assigned value of 4.0 to fluorine (most electronegative element)

Question 60

periodic trends of electronegativity

Answer 60

increases from left to right decreases from top to bottom

Question 61

shielding effect

Answer 61

ability of inner electrons to pull on valence electrons

Question 62

periodic trends of shielding effect

Answer 62

constant from left to right increases from top to bottom

Question 63

Jöns Jacob Berzelius

Answer 63

Swedish chemist chose to use Latin to name the elements so that there was a unified name in a language that everybody understood decided to give metals symbols with 2 letters decided to give nonmetals symbols with 1 letter

Question 64

Stanislao Cannizzaro

Answer 64

Italian chemist presented a convincing method for accurately measuring the relative masses of atoms enabled chemists to agree on standard values for atomic mass and other properties of the elements