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Chemistry 1 > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

pH of acids

A

less than 7

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2
Q

pH of bases

A

greater than 7

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3
Q

properties of acids

A

sour taste

able to change color of acid-base indicators

reactive with metals to release hydrogen gas

reactive with bases to produce salts and water

conductive of electricity

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4
Q

binary acid

A

acid that contains only 2 different elements

composed of hydrogen and more-electronegative element

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5
Q

binary acid nomenclature

A

begins with “hydro-“

contains root of name of second element

ends with “-ic”

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6
Q

oxyacid

A

acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and a 3rd element (usually a nonmetal)

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7
Q

oxyacid nomenclature

A

usually based on anion in compound

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8
Q

ternary acid

A

acid that contains 3 different elements

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9
Q

properties of bases

A

taste bitter

able to change color of acid-base indicators

feels slippery when in dilute aqueous solutions

reactive with acids to produce salts and water

conductive of electricity

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10
Q

Arrhenius acid

A

chemical compound that increases concentration of hydrogen (or hydronium) ions in aqueous solution

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11
Q

hydronium ion formula

A

H3O1+

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12
Q

Arrhenius base

A

chemical compound that increases concentration of hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

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13
Q

hydroxide ion formula

A

OH1-

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14
Q

strong acid

A

acid which ionizes completely in aqueous solution

acid which is strong electrolyte

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15
Q

relationship between strength of acid and strength of electrolyte

A

possitive

both depend on degree of ionization

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16
Q

weak acid

A

acid that does not ionize completely in aqueous solution

acid which is weak electrolyte

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17
Q

contents of aqueous solution of weak acid

A

hydronium ions

anions

dissolved acid molecules

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18
Q

alkaline

A

solution produced when a base completely dissociates in water to yield aqueous hydroxide ions

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19
Q

relationship between strength of base and strength of electrolyte

A

direct

both depend on degree of dissociation

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20
Q

strong base

A

base which dissociates completely in aqueous solution

base which is strong electrolyte

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21
Q

weak base

A

base which does not dissociate completely in aqueous solution

base which is weak electrolyte

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22
Q

Brønsted-Lowry acid

A

molecule or ion that is a proton donor

23
Q

Brønsted-Lowry base

A

molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor

24
Q

Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction

A

reaction where protons are transferred from acid to base

25
Q

monoprotic acid

A

acid that can donate only 1 proton per molecule

26
Q

polyprotic acid

A

acid that can donate more than 1 proton per molecule

27
Q

diprotic acid

A

acid that can donate 2 protons per molecule

28
Q

triprotic acid

A

acid that can donate 3 protons per molecule

29
Q

Lewis acid

A

atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond

30
Q

Lewis base

A

atom, ion, or molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond

31
Q

Lewis acid-base reaction

A

formation of 1 or more covalent bonds between electron pair donor and electron pair acceptor

32
Q

conjugate base

A

species that remains after Brønsted-Lowry acid has donates a proton

33
Q

conjugate acid

A

species that remains after Brønsted-Lowry base accepts a proton

34
Q

deciding factor of extent of Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction

A

relative strengths of acids and bases involved

35
Q

relationship between strength of acid and strength of conjugate base

A

inverse

36
Q

relationship between strength of base and strength of conjugate acid

A

inverse

37
Q

product of proton-transfer reactions

A

weaker acid and weaker base

38
Q

amphoteric compound

A

compound that can react as either acid or base

39
Q

compound containing hydroxyl group

A

compound covalently bonded to -OH group

can be acidic or amphoteric

40
Q

neutralization

A

chemical reaction wherein acids and bases react quantitatively with each other

produces no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in solution when in water

41
Q

salt

A

ionic compound composed of cation from base and anion from acid

42
Q

neutralization reaction between acid and hydroxide base

A
43
Q

neutralization reaction between acid and carbonate base

A
44
Q

neutralization reaction between acid and metal

A
45
Q

hydrofluoric acid formula

A

HF

46
Q

hydrochloric acid formula

A

HCl

47
Q

hydrobromic acid formula

A

HBr

48
Q

hydrosulfuric acid formula

A

H2S

49
Q

acetic acid formula

A

CH3COOH

50
Q

carbonic acid formula

A

H2CO3

51
Q

chloric acid formula

A

HClO3

52
Q

nitric acid formula

A

HNO3

53
Q

phosphoric acid formula

A

H3PO4

54
Q

sulfuric acid formula

A

H2SO4

Chemistry 1 (20 decks)

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