Acids and Bases

Question 1

pH of acids

Answer 1

less than 7

Question 2

pH of bases

Answer 2

greater than 7

Question 3

properties of acids

Answer 3

sour taste

able to change color of acid-base indicators

reactive with metals to release hydrogen gas

reactive with bases to produce salts and water

conductive of electricity

Question 4

binary acid

Answer 4

acid that contains only 2 different elements

composed of hydrogen and more-electronegative element

Question 5

binary acid nomenclature

Answer 5

begins with “hydro-“

contains root of name of second element

ends with “-ic”

Question 6

oxyacid

Answer 6

acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and a 3^rd element (usually a nonmetal)

Question 7

oxyacid nomenclature

Answer 7

usually based on anion in compound

Question 8

ternary acid

Answer 8

acid that contains 3 different elements

Question 9

properties of bases

Answer 9

taste bitter

able to change color of acid-base indicators

feels slippery when in dilute aqueous solutions

reactive with acids to produce salts and water

conductive of electricity

Question 10

Arrhenius acid

Answer 10

chemical compound that increases concentration of hydrogen (or hydronium) ions in aqueous solution

Question 11

hydronium ion formula

Answer 11

H₃O¹⁺

Question 12

Arrhenius base

Answer 12

chemical compound that increases concentration of hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

Question 13

hydroxide ion formula

Answer 13

OH^1-

Question 14

strong acid

Answer 14

acid which ionizes completely in aqueous solution

acid which is strong electrolyte

Question 15

relationship between strength of acid and strength of electrolyte

Answer 15

possitive

both depend on degree of ionization

Question 16

weak acid

Answer 16

acid that does not ionize completely in aqueous solution

acid which is weak electrolyte

Question 17

contents of aqueous solution of weak acid

Answer 17

hydronium ions

anions

dissolved acid molecules

Question 18

alkaline

Answer 18

solution produced when a base completely dissociates in water to yield aqueous hydroxide ions

Question 19

relationship between strength of base and strength of electrolyte

Answer 19

direct

both depend on degree of dissociation

Question 20

strong base

Answer 20

base which dissociates completely in aqueous solution

base which is strong electrolyte

Question 21

weak base

Answer 21

base which does not dissociate completely in aqueous solution

base which is weak electrolyte

Question 22

Brønsted-Lowry acid

Answer 22

molecule or ion that is a proton donor

Question 23

Brønsted-Lowry base

Answer 23

molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor

Question 24

Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction

Answer 24

reaction where protons are transferred from acid to base

Question 25

monoprotic acid

Answer 25

acid that can donate only 1 proton per molecule

Question 26

polyprotic acid

Answer 26

acid that can donate more than 1 proton per molecule

Question 27

diprotic acid

Answer 27

acid that can donate 2 protons per molecule

Question 28

triprotic acid

Answer 28

acid that can donate 3 protons per molecule

Question 29

Lewis acid

Answer 29

atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond

Question 30

Lewis base

Answer 30

atom, ion, or molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond

Question 31

Lewis acid-base reaction

Answer 31

formation of 1 or more covalent bonds between electron pair donor and electron pair acceptor

Question 32

conjugate base

Answer 32

species that remains after Brønsted-Lowry acid has donates a proton

Question 33

conjugate acid

Answer 33

species that remains after Brønsted-Lowry base accepts a proton

Question 34

deciding factor of extent of Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction

Answer 34

relative strengths of acids and bases involved

Question 35

relationship between strength of acid and strength of conjugate base

Answer 35

inverse

Question 36

relationship between strength of base and strength of conjugate acid

Answer 36

inverse

Question 37

product of proton-transfer reactions

Answer 37

weaker acid and weaker base

Question 38

amphoteric compound

Answer 38

compound that can react as either acid or base

Question 39

compound containing hydroxyl group

Answer 39

compound covalently bonded to -OH group can be acidic or amphoteric

Question 40

neutralization

Answer 40

chemical reaction wherein acids and bases react quantitatively with each other produces no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in solution when in water

Question 41

salt

Answer 41

ionic compound composed of cation from base and anion from acid

Question 42

neutralization reaction between acid and hydroxide base

Answer 42

Question 43

neutralization reaction between acid and carbonate base

Answer 43

Question 44

neutralization reaction between acid and metal

Answer 44

Question 45

hydrofluoric acid formula

Answer 45

HF

Question 46

hydrochloric acid formula

Answer 46

HCl

Question 47

hydrobromic acid formula

Answer 47

HBr

Question 48

hydrosulfuric acid formula

Answer 48

H₂S

Question 49

acetic acid formula

Answer 49

CH₃COOH

Question 50

carbonic acid formula

Answer 50

H₂CO₃

Question 51

chloric acid formula

Answer 51

HClO₃

Question 52

nitric acid formula

Answer 52

HNO₃

Question 53

phosphoric acid formula

Answer 53

H₃PO₄

Question 54

sulfuric acid formula

Answer 54

H₂SO₄