Physical Characteristics of Gases

Question 1

Boyle’s law equations

Answer 1

k = PV

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Question 2

relationship displayed in Boyle’s law

Answer 2

inverse relationship between pressure and volume

Question 3

Charles’s law equations

Answer 3

k = V ∕ T

V₁ ∕ T₁ = V₂ ∕ T₂

Question 4

relationship displayed in Charles’s law

Answer 4

direct relationship between volume and temperature

Question 5

Gay-Lussac’s law equations

Answer 5

k = P ∕ T

P₁ ∕ T₁ = P₂ ∕ T₂

Question 6

relationship displayed in Gay-Lussac’s law

Answer 6

direct relationship between pressure and temperature

Question 7

combined gas law equations

Answer 7

k = PV ∕ T

P₁V₁ ∕ T₁ = P₂V₂ ∕ T₂​​

Question 8

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

Answer 8

states that total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to sum of the pressures of each gas

Question 9

Dalton’s law of partial pressures with water displacement equation

Answer 9

P_total = P_gas + P_water

Question 10

4 types of matter (in order of increasing kinetic energy)

Answer 10

solid

liquid

gas

plasma

Question 11

5 assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory of gases

Answer 11

gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles

collisions between gas particles and between gas particles and container walls are elastic collisions

gas particles are in continuous rapid motion and possess kinetic energy

there are no forces of attraction or repulsion between gas particles

average kinetic energy of gas particles depends on temperature of gas

Question 12

kinetic energy formula

Answer 12

Question 13

elastic collision

Answer 13

collision in which there is no net loss of kinetic energy

Question 14

ideal gas

Answer 14

imaginary gas that perfectly fits all assumptions of kinetic-molecular theory

Question 15

compressibility

Answer 15

ability to push particles closer together

Question 16

fluidity

Answer 16

ability of particles to glide past each other

Question 17

diffusion

Answer 17

spontaneous even mixing of 2 or more gases by motion of particles

forms homogenous mixture

Question 18

determining factor of rate of diffusion

Answer 18

speed

size

attractive forces of particles

Question 19

effusion

Answer 19

ability of gas particles to pass through small opening

Question 20

determining factor of rate of effusion

Answer 20

depends on speed and size of particles

Question 21

pressure

Answer 21

force per unit area on a surface

Question 22

units for pressure (with symbols)

Answer 22

kilopascal (kPa)

torr (torr)

atmosphere (atm)

millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)

Question 23

real gas

Answer 23

gas that does not behave completely according to assumptions of kinetic-molecular theory

Question 24

standard temperature and pressure

STP

Answer 24

1atm and 0°C

Question 25

absolute zero

Answer 25

0K

-273°C

Question 26

deviations of real gases from the kinetic-molecular theory

Answer 26

collisions between real gas particles or between real gas particles and container walls are not always elastic collisions

there are forces of attraction or repulsion between real gas particles

Question 27

conversion of torr to millimeters of mercury

Answer 27

1torr = 1mm Hg

Question 28

conversion of atmospheres of pressure to millimeters of mercury

Answer 28

1atm = 760mm Hg

Question 29

conversion of atmospheres of pressure to kilopascals

Answer 29

1atm = 101.325kPa

Question 30

conversion of atmospheres of pressure to torr

Answer 30

1atm = 760torr

Question 31

barometer

Answer 31

device used to measure atmospheric pressure

Question 32

fluid

Answer 32

matter with particles that flow (liquids and gases)

takes shape of container

Question 33

expansion

Answer 33

ability of gas particles to spread apart and fill container