Liquids and Solids

Question 1

least common state of matter

Answer 1

liquid

Question 2

density

Answer 2

degree of compactness

Question 3

liquid

Answer 3

substance with definite volume and indefinite shape

Question 4

source of kinetic energy of liquids

Answer 4

flowing

vibration

Question 5

density of liquids

Answer 5

higher than gas form

lower than solid form (except for water)

Question 6

compressibility of liquids

Answer 6

incompressible

Question 7

viscosity

Answer 7

resistance to flow

Question 8

surface tension

Answer 8

closeness of particles at edge of liquid to prevent gas from entering

caused by attraction of particles on surface by bulk of liquid

Question 9

capillary action

Answer 9

ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of (or even in opposition to) external forces like gravity

causes liquid to slowly move up sides of container

causes formation of miniscus

Question 10

miscibility

Answer 10

ability of 2 or more liquids that mix to form solution

Question 11

solid

Answer 11

substance with definite volume and definite shape

Question 12

source of kinetic energy of solids

Answer 12

vibration

Question 13

2 types of solids

Answer 13

amorphous solid

crystalline solid

Question 14

amorphous solid

Answer 14

solid without a regular and natural shape

Question 15

creation of amorphous solids

Answer 15

made by cooling certain molten materials in a way that they don’t crystallize

Question 16

crystalline solid

Answer 16

solid with a crystal structure

Question 17

crystal structure

Answer 17

total 3-dimensional arrangement of particles of a crystal

repeating geometric pattern

Question 18

6 types of crystal structures

Answer 18

cubic crystal structure

tetragonal crystal structure

orthorhombic crystal structure

monoclinic crystal structure

triclinic crystal structure

hexagonal crystal structure

Question 19

cubic crystal structure

Answer 19

crystal structure wherein the unit cell is in the shape of a cube

3 axes

Question 20

tetragonal crystal structure

Answer 20

crystal structure wherein the unit cell is shaped as a rectangular prism with a square base

3 axes

Question 21

orthorhombic crystal structure

Answer 21

crystal structure wherein the unit cell is a rectangular prism with a rectangular base

3 axes

Question 22

monoclinic crystal structure

Answer 22

crystal structure wherein the unit cell is a rectangular prism with a parallelogram base

3 axes

Question 23

triclinic crystal structure

Answer 23

crystal structure wherein the unit cell is made up of 3 axes of different lengths and angles

3 axes

Question 24

hexagonal crystal structure

Answer 24

crystal structure wherein the unit cell is a hexagonal prism

4 axes

Question 25

crystal structure of water

Answer 25

hexagonal

Question 26

lattice

Answer 26

coordinate system used to represent arrangement of particles

Question 27

unit cell

Answer 27

smallest portion of crystal lattice that shows 3-dimensional pattern of entire lattice

Question 28

melting point of crystalline solids

Answer 28

definite

Question 29

melting point of amorphous solids

Answer 29

indefinite

Question 30

supercooled liquid

Answer 30

substance that remains certain liquid properties (even at temperature where it appears to be solid)

Question 31

density of solids

Answer 31

higher than gas form and liquid form (except for water)

Question 32

compressibility of solids

Answer 32

incompressible may seem compressible (like wood or cork) but not actually compressible (caused by pores filled with air)

Question 33

diffusion of solids

Answer 33

possible (seems impossible)

Question 34

rate of diffusion of solids

Answer 34

millions of times slower than that of liquids or gases

Question 35

4 types of crystals

Answer 35

ionic crystals covalent network crystals metallic crystals covalent molecular crystals

Question 36

ionic crystal

Answer 36

crystal consisting of positive and negative particles in a regular pattern

Question 37

hardness of ionic crystals

Answer 37

hard

Question 38

brittleness of ionic crytstals

Answer 38

brittle

Question 39

melting point of ionic crystals

Answer 39

high

Question 40

boiling point of ionic crystals

Answer 40

high

Question 41

insulation abilities of ionic crystals

Answer 41

good insulators

Question 42

solubility in water of ionic crystals

Answer 42

soluble in water

Question 43

electrical conductivity of ionic crystals

Answer 43

conductive of electricity when dissolved in water

Question 44

covalent network crystal

Answer 44

crystal wherein each atom is covalently bonded to its nearest neighboring atoms

Question 45

hardness of covalent network crystals

Answer 45

very hard

Question 46

brittleness of covalent network crystals

Answer 46

very brittle

Question 47

melting point of covalent network crystals

Answer 47

high

Question 48

boiling point of covalent network crystals

Answer 48

high

Question 49

electrical conductivity of covalent network crystals

Answer 49

nonconductive of electricity semiconductive of electricity

Question 50

metallic crystal

Answer 50

crystal consisting of metal atoms surrounded by delocalized electrons

Question 51

hardness of metallic crystals

Answer 51

varied

Question 52

melting point of metallic crystals

Answer 52

varied

Question 53

boiling point of metallic crystals

Answer 53

varied

Question 54

tensile strength of metallic crystals

Answer 54

varied

Question 55

electrical conductivity of metallic crystals

Answer 55

very conductive of electricity

Question 56

solubility in water of metallic crystals

Answer 56

insoluble in water

Question 57

covalent molecular crystal

Answer 57

crystal consisting of covalently bonded molecules held together by intermolecular forces

Question 58

2 types of covalent molecular crystals

Answer 58

nonpolar covalent molecular crystals polar covalent molecular crystals

Question 59

force within nonpolar covalent molecular crystals

Answer 59

London dispersion forces

Question 60

forces within polar covalent molecular crystals

Answer 60

dipole-dipole forces hydrogen bonding

Question 61

hardness of covalent molecular crystals

Answer 61

soft

Question 62

melting point of covalent molecular crystals

Answer 62

low

Question 63

boiling point of covalent molecular crystal

Answer 63

low

Question 64

insulation abilities of covalent molecular crystals

Answer 64

good insulators

Question 65

melting

Answer 65

change in state from solid to liquid gain of energy

Question 66

vaporization

Answer 66

change in state from liquid to gas gain of energy

Question 67

sublimation

Answer 67

change in state from solid to gas gain of energy

Question 68

freezing

Answer 68

change in state from liquid to solid loss of energy

Question 69

condensation

Answer 69

change in state from gas to liquid loss of energy

Question 70

deposition

Answer 70

change in state from gas to solid loss of energy

Question 71

evaporation

Answer 71

change in state from liquid to gas that occurs below the boiling point form of vaporization gain of energy

Question 72

process of evaporation

Answer 72

process by which particles escape from surface of liquid and enter gas state

Question 73

heat of fusion ΔH_F

Answer 73

amount of heat that is added to melt or removed to freeze a substance

Question 74

heat of vaporization ΔH_V

Answer 74

amount of heat that is added to vaporize or removed to condense a substance

Question 75

equilibrium

Answer 75

dynamic condition in which 2 opposing changes occur at equal rates in system

Question 76

closed system

Answer 76

system wherein matter cannot enter or leave (but energy can)

Question 77

open system

Answer 77

system wherein both matter and energy can enter and leave

Question 78

Le Châtlier's Principle

Answer 78

states that system attains new equilibrium position that minimizes stress when system at equilibrium is disturbed by application of stress

Question 79

volitile liquid

Answer 79

liquid that evaporates easily

Question 80

vapor pressure equilibrium vapor pressure

Answer 80

pressure exerted by vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid at given temperature

Question 81

phase

Answer 81

any part of system that has uniform composition and properties

Question 82

phase diagram

Answer 82

graph of pressure and temperature that shows changes in state for substance

Question 83

triple point

Answer 83

indicator of at which temperature and pressure conditions that a solid, liquid, or gas of substance can exist at equilibrium

Question 84

critical point

Answer 84

indicator of critical temperature and critical pressure

Question 85

critical temperature t_c

Answer 85

temperature above which substance cannot exist in the liquid state

Question 86

critical temperature of water

Answer 86

373. 99°C 646. 99K

Question 87

critical pressure P_c

Answer 87

lowest pressure at which substance can exist as liquid at the critical temperature

Question 88

critical pressure of water

Answer 88

217.75atm

Question 89

temperature at which water is most dense

Answer 89

4°C 277K

Question 90

specific heat formula

Answer 90

Q = mcΔt

Question 91

heat of fusion formula

Answer 91

Q = nΔH_F

Question 92

heat of vaporization formula

Answer 92

Q = nΔH_V