Ions in Aqueous Solutions and Colligative Properties

Question 1

dissociation

Answer 1

separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves

Question 2

compounds which dissociate in solutions

Answer 2

ionic compounds

Question 3

spectator ions

Answer 3

ions that do not take part in chemical reaction

found in solution both before and after reaction

Question 4

ionization

Answer 4

process of solute molecules forming ions by the action of a solvent

Question 5

compounds which ionize in solutions

Answer 5

polar covalent compounds

Question 6

determining factor of extent to which a solute ionizes in solution

Answer 6

strength of bonds within molecules in solute

strength of attraction between solute and solvent molecules

Question 7

hydronium ion

Answer 7

H₃O¹⁺

Question 8

strong electrolyte

Answer 8

dilute aqueous solution wherein all (or almost all) dissolved particles are ions

conducts electricity well

yields only ions when dissolved in water

Question 9

weak electrolyte

Answer 9

dilute aqueous solution wherein a small number of dissolved particles are ions

conducts electricity poorly

Question 10

differences between strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes

Answer 10

degree of ionization

degree of dissociation

conductivity of electricity

Question 11

difference between concentrated solution and dilute solution

Answer 11

amount of solute dissolved in given quantity of solvent

Question 12

colligative property

Answer 12

property that depends on concentration of solute particles (but not identity) in solvent

property of solvent (not solute)

Question 13

expression of concentration in calculations involving colligative properties

Answer 13

molality

Question 14

nonvolatile liquid

Answer 14

liquid with little tendency to become gas under existing conditions

liquid which does not easily evaporate

Question 15

colligative properties

Answer 15

freezing point depression

boiling point elevation

volatility

osmotic pressure

Question 16

volatile liquid

Answer 16

liquid that has tendency to become gas under existing conditions

liquid which easily evaporates

Question 17

volatility

Answer 17

ability of to evaporate

Question 18

molal freezing point constant

K_f

Answer 18

freezing point depression of solvent in a 1𝓂 nonelectrolyte with a nonvolatile solute

Question 19

freezing point depression

Δt_f

Answer 19

difference between freezing points of pure solvent and nonelectrolyte

directly proportional to molal concentration of nonelectrolyte

Question 20

molal boiling point constant

K_b

Answer 20

boiling point elevation of solvent in a 1𝓂 nonelectrolyte with a nonvolatile solute

Question 21

boiling point elevation

Δt_b

Answer 21

difference between boiling points of pure solvent and nonelectrolyte

directly proportional to molal concentration of nonelectrolyte

Question 22

freezing point depression equation

Answer 22

Δt_f = K_f × 𝓂

Question 23

boiling point elevation equation

Answer 23

Δt_b = K_b × 𝓂

Question 24

semipermeable membrane

Answer 24

barrier that allows movement of solvent particles while blocking solute particles

Question 25

osmosis

Answer 25

movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from side of lower concentration to side of higher concentration

occurs whenever 2 solutions of different concentrations are separated by semipermeable membrane

Question 26

osmotic pressure

Answer 26

external pressure applied to stop osmosis

Question 27

net ionic equation

Answer 27

equation which includes only those compounds and ions that undergo chemical change in reaction of aqueous solution