Solutions

Question 1

solvent

Answer 1

dissolving medium in solution

Question 2

solute

Answer 2

substance which is dissolved in solution

Question 3

substance of lesser quantity in solution

Answer 3

solute

Question 4

size of particles in solution

Answer 4

small enough to travel through filter paper

Question 5

suspension

Answer 5

mixture with particles that are too large to settle out unless it is constantly stirred or agitated

Question 6

size of particles of suspension

Answer 6

large enough to be separated by filter paper

Question 7

separation of particles in suspension

Answer 7

separated by filtration

Question 8

colloid

Answer 8

mixture with particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions

Question 9

size of particles in colloid

Answer 9

small enough to travel through filter paper

Question 10

dispersed phase

Answer 10

phase that is composed of colloidal particles that are distributed through another phase

Question 11

dispersing medium

Answer 11

phase in which the colloidal particles of the dispersed phase are distributed

Question 12

emulsion

Answer 12

type of colloid composed of 2 or more liquids that are normally immiscible

held together by emulsifying agent

Question 13

tyndall effect

Answer 13

scattering of light beams by colloidal particles dispersed in transparent medium

used to differentiate between solutions and colloids

Question 14

Brownian motion

Answer 14

random motion of particles suspended in fluid

results from collision with fast-moving molecules in fluid

Question 15

electrolyte

Answer 15

solution that contains ions

conductive of electricity

Question 16

processes which form electrolytes

Answer 16

ionization

dissociation

Question 17

nonelectrolyte

Answer 17

solution that does not contain ions

not conductive of electricity

Question 18

methods to increase rate of dissolution

Answer 18

increasing surface area of solute (crushing a solid solute)

agitating solution (stirring or shaking)

heating solvent

Question 19

solution equilibrium

solubility equilibrium

Answer 19

physical state in which opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of solute occur at equal rates

Question 20

saturated solution

Answer 20

solution that contains maximum amount of dissolved solute at given temperature

Question 21

unsaturated solution

Answer 21

solution that contains less solute than saturated solution under existing conditions

Question 22

supersaturated solution

Answer 22

solution that contains more dissolved solute than saturated solution under existing conditions

Question 23

creation of a supersaturated solution

Answer 23

heated saturated solution is cooled (which lowers solubility) so that excess solute remains in solution (as long as it remains undisturbed)

Question 24

effect of disruption of supersaturated solution

Answer 24

rapid formation of crystals by excess solute

Question 25

solubility

Answer 25

amount of substance required to form saturated solution with specific amount of solvent at specified temperature

Question 26

conditions that must be specified when expressing solubility

Answer 26

temperature amount of solvent pressure (for gases) type of solvent

Question 27

"like dissolves like" rule

Answer 27

rule used to predict whether substance will dissolve in another substance refers to type of bonding and intermolecular forces

Question 28

compounds which dissolve in water

Answer 28

compounds with polar covalent bonds compounds with ionic bonds

Question 29

hydration

Answer 29

solution process with water as solvent

Question 30

hydrate

Answer 30

crystals that incorporate water molecules formed by ionic substances

Question 31

immiscible

Answer 31

insoluble used when discussing liquids

Question 32

miscible

Answer 32

soluble used when discussing liquids

Question 33

Henry's law

Answer 33

states that solubility of gas in liquid is directly proportional to partial pressure of gas on surface of liquid named after William Henry

Question 34

effervescence

Answer 34

rapid escape of gas from liquid in which it is dissolved release of bubbles or foam

Question 35

solvated particle

Answer 35

solute particle that is surrounded by solvent molecules

Question 36

heat of solution

Answer 36

net amount of heat energy absorbed or released when specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent

Question 37

concentration

Answer 37

measure of amount of solute in given amount of solvent or solution

Question 38

dilute solution

Answer 38

solution with relatively small amount of solute in solvent

Question 39

concentrated solution

Answer 39

solution with relatively large amount of solute in solvent

Question 40

molarity M

Answer 40

number of moles of solute in 1 liter of solution expression of concentration

Question 41

molarity formula

Answer 41

molarity = (moles of solute) ∕ (liters of solution) c = n ∕ v

Question 42

molality *𝓂*

Answer 42

number of moles of solute in 1 kilogram of solvent

Question 43

molality formula

Answer 43

molality = (moles of solute) ∕ (kilograms of solvent) 𝓂 = n ∕ m

Question 44

percent of solution formula

Answer 44

Question 45

anhydrate

Answer 45

substance that remains after water is removed from hydrate