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×Chemistry 1 > Solutions > Flashcards

Solutions Flashcards

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1
Q

solvent

A

dissolving medium in solution

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2
Q

solute

A

substance which is dissolved in solution

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3
Q

substance of lesser quantity in solution

A

solute

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4
Q

size of particles in solution

A

small enough to travel through filter paper

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5
Q

suspension

A

mixture with particles that are too large to settle out unless it is constantly stirred or agitated

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6
Q

size of particles of suspension

A

large enough to be separated by filter paper

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7
Q

separation of particles in suspension

A

separated by filtration

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8
Q

colloid

A

mixture with particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions

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9
Q

size of particles in colloid

A

small enough to travel through filter paper

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10
Q

dispersed phase

A

phase that is composed of colloidal particles that are distributed through another phase

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11
Q

dispersing medium

A

phase in which the colloidal particles of the dispersed phase are distributed

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12
Q

emulsion

A

type of colloid composed of 2 or more liquids that are normally immiscible

held together by emulsifying agent

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13
Q

tyndall effect

A

scattering of light beams by colloidal particles dispersed in transparent medium

used to differentiate between solutions and colloids

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14
Q

Brownian motion

A

random motion of particles suspended in fluid

results from collision with fast-moving molecules in fluid

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15
Q

electrolyte

A

solution that contains ions

conductive of electricity

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16
Q

processes which form electrolytes

A

ionization

dissociation

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17
Q

nonelectrolyte

A

solution that does not contain ions

not conductive of electricity

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18
Q

methods to increase rate of dissolution

A

increasing surface area of solute (crushing a solid solute)

agitating solution (stirring or shaking)

heating solvent

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19
Q

solution equilibrium

solubility equilibrium

A

physical state in which opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of solute occur at equal rates

20
Q

saturated solution

A

solution that contains maximum amount of dissolved solute at given temperature

21
Q

unsaturated solution

A

solution that contains less solute than saturated solution under existing conditions

22
Q

supersaturated solution

A

solution that contains more dissolved solute than saturated solution under existing conditions

23
Q

creation of a supersaturated solution

A

heated saturated solution is cooled (which lowers solubility) so that excess solute remains in solution (as long as it remains undisturbed)

24
Q

effect of disruption of supersaturated solution

A

rapid formation of crystals by excess solute

25
Q

solubility

A

amount of substance required to form saturated solution with specific amount of solvent at specified temperature

26
Q

conditions that must be specified when expressing solubility

A

temperature

amount of solvent

pressure (for gases)

type of solvent

27
Q

“like dissolves like” rule

A

rule used to predict whether substance will dissolve in another substance

refers to type of bonding and intermolecular forces

28
Q

compounds which dissolve in water

A

compounds with polar covalent bonds

compounds with ionic bonds

29
Q

hydration

A

solution process with water as solvent

30
Q

hydrate

A

crystals that incorporate water molecules

formed by ionic substances

31
Q

immiscible

A

insoluble

used when discussing liquids

32
Q

miscible

A

soluble

used when discussing liquids

33
Q

Henry’s law

A

states that solubility of gas in liquid is directly proportional to partial pressure of gas on surface of liquid

named after William Henry

34
Q

effervescence

A

rapid escape of gas from liquid in which it is dissolved

release of bubbles or foam

35
Q

solvated particle

A

solute particle that is surrounded by solvent molecules

36
Q

heat of solution

A

net amount of heat energy absorbed or released when specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent

37
Q

concentration

A

measure of amount of solute in given amount of solvent or solution

38
Q

dilute solution

A

solution with relatively small amount of solute in solvent

39
Q

concentrated solution

A

solution with relatively large amount of solute in solvent

40
Q

molarity

M

A

number of moles of solute in 1 liter of solution

expression of concentration

41
Q

molarity formula

A

molarity = (moles of solute) ∕ (liters of solution)

c = n ∕ v

42
Q

molality

𝓂

A

number of moles of solute in 1 kilogram of solvent

43
Q

molality formula

A

molality = (moles of solute) ∕ (kilograms of solvent)

𝓂 = n ∕ m

44
Q

percent of solution formula

A
45
Q

anhydrate

A

substance that remains after water is removed from hydrate

×Chemistry 1 (20 decks)

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