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Anatomy term 2 > The Pelvis and hip joint > Flashcards

The Pelvis and hip joint Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pelvic girdle connects?

A
  • vertebral column to the femurs
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2
Q

How is the pelvic girdle different to the shoulder girdle?

A
  • much stronger and less flexible
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3
Q

How many bones are there in the pelvic girdle and what are there?

A

3 bones

  • left hip bone
  • right hip bone
  • sacrum
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4
Q

How many joints are there in the pelvic girdle and what are they?

A
  • 2 sacroiliac joints

- pubic symphysis joint

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5
Q

What is the role of the pelvic girdle?

A
  • strong and stable
  • supports weight of the body
  • protects organs and blood vessels
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6
Q

What is the real life position of the pelvic girdle (how is it positioned in the body)?

A
  • it is slightly tipped forwards

- like a bowl tipped forwards

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7
Q

What is another word for the hip bone?

A

the innominate bone

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8
Q

What are the three sections the innominate bone/hip bone is divided into?

A
  1. ilium
  2. ischium
  3. pubis
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9
Q

How do the ilium, ischium and pubic parts of the bone develop?

A

separately

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10
Q

What is the name of the area where the ilium, ischium and pubis fuse?

A

Acetabulum

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11
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

the socket that articulates with the femoral head - forming the hip joint (holds the head of the femur)

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12
Q

What is the ilium made up of?

A

Ala and body

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13
Q

Where is the triradiate cartilage?

A

made up of 3 cartilages and is in the acetabulum.

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14
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint? (2)

A
  1. ball and socket joint

2. synovial joint

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15
Q

Where is the hip joint?

A

between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the innominate bone

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16
Q

How is stability provided by the hip joint? (3)

A
  1. Acetabular anatomy
  2. Fibrous capsule
  3. Ligaments
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17
Q

What are the ligaments of the hip joint? (3)

A
  1. Ileofemoral
  2. Pubofemoral
  3. Ischiofemoral
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18
Q

What is the articular surface of the acetabulum like?

A
  • smooth

- crescent shaped - lunate surface

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19
Q

What is the inferior deficiency of the acetabulum called?

A

Acetabular notch

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20
Q

What is the ace tabular notch bridged by?

A

transverse acetabular ligament

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21
Q

What is the acetabular labrum and what is it’s role?

A
  • a rim/lip of cartilage

- role - deepens the articular surface

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22
Q

What is the fibrous capsule like?

A
  • strong and dense
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23
Q

What aspect of the fibrous capsule enables the hip joint to move around?

A
  • the fact that it is loose and strong
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24
Q

What does the proximal attachment of the fibrous capsule encircle?

A

the rim of the acetabulum

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25
Q

Where is the distal attachment of the fibrous capsule?

A
  • femoral neck
  • intertrochanteric line
  • greater trochanter
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26
Q

How does the iliofemoral ligament cover the hip joint?

A

superiorly and inferiorly

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27
Q

What is the strongest ligament of the hip joint?

A

illiofemoral ligamnet

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28
Q

What is the role of the illiofemoral ligament?

A
  • prevents hyperextension of the hip during standing

- as it screws into the femoral head

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29
Q

How does the pubofemoral ligament cover the hip joint?

A

-inferiorly and anteriorly

30
Q

What shape is the illiofemoral ligament?

A

Y shaped ligament

31
Q

How does the pubofemoral ligament attach to the femur?

A
  • attaches to the femur distally
32
Q

How does the ischiofemoral ligament cover the hip joint?

A

posteriorly

33
Q

What is the weakest ligament of the hip joint?

A

ischiofemoral ligament

34
Q

How do the ligaments improve stability to the hip joint? ( 3 steps)

A
  1. Spiral around the hip joint
  2. Become taut when hip is extended
  3. This pulls the femoral head into the acetabulum
35
Q

What is the pelvic girdle?

A

strong ring of bone

36
Q

What is the pelvic girdle formed by?

A

sacrum and 2 innominate bones

37
Q

What is the the innominate bone formed by? (3)

A
  1. illium
  2. ischium
  3. pubic bones
38
Q

What is the point of fusion for the illiim, pubic and ischium?

A

acetabulum - the socket of the hip joint

39
Q

What injuries can occur at the hip joint? (3)

A
  1. fractured to the pelvic ring
  2. dislocation of the hip joint
  3. fracture to the neck of the femur (hip fracture)
40
Q

What can the problems (congenital problems) children may have with the development of the hips lead to with the joints? (3)

A

lead to joint:

  1. laxity
  2. sublaxation
  3. dislocation

of the hip

41
Q

Where is the force likely to come from in a pubic rami fracture?

A

lateral force - significant trauma

likely to have other fractures - widening of the sacro-iliac joint

42
Q

What is the cause of an open book pelvic fracture?

A

straight on force - motorbike accidents and mountain bike

43
Q

What is a worry in an open book fracture?

A

internal damage to urethra and bladder

44
Q

At what joint does a fracture of the neck of the femur usually occur at?

A

sacral-femur joint

45
Q

When is posterior dislocation of the hip joint likely to occur at?

A
  • car accident
  • When some is in a sitting in a drivers seat position with knees bent = seated position
  • hip is flexed, internally rotate and adducted
46
Q

What nerve is at risk in posterior dislocation?

A

sciatic nerve

47
Q

Will the patient be able to move their limb out of the posterior limb position?

A

no

48
Q

How is posterior dislocation resolved?

A
  • slotting the joint back into place

- using gas and air or sedation

49
Q

What type of fracture can you get with posterior dislocation?

A
  • acetabular fractures
50
Q

When does anterior dislocation occur?

A
  • when force is applied during extreme abduction with external rotation of hip
51
Q

how is the femoral head positioned in anterior dislocation?

A

the femoral head is levered out

52
Q

How does the limb appear in anterior dislocation? (3)

A
  1. externally rotated
  2. Abducted
  3. Flexed
53
Q

How common is anterior dislocation?

A

not very

54
Q

Is the sciatic nerve at risk in anterior dislocation?

A

no

55
Q

What is at risk in anterior dislocation?

A
  • femoral artery, vein and nerve
56
Q

What is used to help slot the anterior dislocation back into place and what does these means allow?

A
  • sedation
  • analgesia

allows the muscles to relax as they are contracted

57
Q

What is medial dislocation also known as?

A

acetabular fracture

58
Q

What is medial dislocation/acetabular fracture caused by?

A

fall from a height - force coming upwards

59
Q

What other features are medial dislocation and acetabular fracture likely to have?

A
  1. hypotension
  2. tachycardia
  3. internal injuries - puncture of uterus,bladder
  4. shock
  5. internal bleeding if puncture vessels
60
Q

How may disruption the blood supply to the femoral head occur?

A

blood vessels may be torn or stretched

61
Q

What may occur to some branches of the blood supply to the femoral if they are disrupted?

A

may remain kinked or compressed until the hip is reduced

62
Q

What does lack of blood supply to the femoral head lead to?

A

avascular necrosis of femoral head

63
Q

What does avascular necrosis of the femoral head lead to?

A

arthritis and maybe hip replacement

64
Q

What does DDH stand for?

A

developmental dysplasia of the hip

65
Q

When does DDH occur?

A

from birth - congenital problem

66
Q

What are the severities of DDH?

A
  1. sublaxation
  2. Low dislocation
  3. high dislocation
67
Q

What happens in DDH?

A
  • ligament has laxity - becomes too loose

- causes head of the femur to slide out of acetabulum

68
Q

What problems for the child can DDH cause?

A
  • trouble walking - walking with a limp
69
Q

What happens if femoral head and acetabulum are not in contact earlier on in DDH?

A

the femoral head will not develop properly

70
Q

What are the possible hip joint movements?

A
  1. flexion/extension
  2. adduction/ abduction
  3. external/internal rotation
71
Q

What forms the hip joint?

A

the acetabulum and femoral head

Anatomy term 2 (25 decks)

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