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Anatomy term 2 > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What does CT stand for?

A

computed topography

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2
Q

What does MRI stand for?

A

magnetic resonance imaging

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3
Q

What imagery shows vessels?

A

angiography

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4
Q

What should you be able to recognise in a CT?

A
  1. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) -stroke
  2. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
  3. Extradural haematoma
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5
Q

NOTE

A

horizontal CT and MRI scans are viewed from below

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6
Q

What are the main differences between CT and MRI?

A

CT

  1. X rays
  2. High radiation
  3. Bone

MRI

  1. Magnets
  2. Soft tissue
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7
Q

When is CT commonly used?

A

Acute cases

View Bone

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8
Q

When are MRIs useful?

A

soft tissue definition

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9
Q

On CT what appears hyper dense (bright)?

A

blood

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10
Q

On CT what appears hypo dense (dark)?

A

oedema

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11
Q

On T1 weighted MRI what appears hyper dense (bright)?

A

Fat

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12
Q

On T1 weighted MRI what appears hypo dense (dark)?

A

Fluid

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13
Q

On T2 weighted MRI what appears hyper dense (bright)?

A

Fluid

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14
Q

On T2 weighted MRI what appears hypo dense (dark)?

A

Fat

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15
Q

What are the 3 cerebral arteries?

A
  1. middle cerebral artery
  2. posterior cerebral artery
  3. anterior cerebral artery
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16
Q

What region of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

frontal lobe

lateral surface of temporal lobe

parietal lobe - primary motor and sensory areas of the face

17
Q

What region of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

occipital lobe

18
Q

What region of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

medial portions of the frontal lobes

superior medial parietal lobe

19
Q

In terms of stroke syndromes what does TACI stand for?

A

total anterior circulation infarct

20
Q

In terms of stroke syndromes what does PACI stand for?

A

partial anterior circulation infarct

21
Q

In terms of stroke syndromes what does POCI stand for?

A

posterior circulation infarct

22
Q

What is a lacunar stroke?

A

stroke that results from occlusion from one of the penetrating arteries that provides blood to the deep structures of the brain.

23
Q

What does an infarct usually look like on a CT?

A

oedema - dark patch - usually ischaemic stroke

24
Q

What is the treatment for ischaemic stroke?

A

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) to dissolve thrombus

25
Q

What are the anatomical components of the basal ganglia?

A

caudate nucelus

putamen

ventral striatum

globus pallidus

ventral pallidum

substantia niagra

subthalamic nucleus

26
Q

What is a subarachanoid haemorrhage and which vessels are usually involved?

A

bleeding into the subarachnoid space

  • terminal internal carotid artery
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • middle cerebral artery
27
Q

What is a subdural haemorrhage and which vessel is usually affected?

A

blood gathers in subdural haemorrhage

increases intracranial pressure

  • middle meningeal artery
28
Q

What is the extradural haemorrhage and which vessel does it usually affect?

A

collection of blood between dura and periosteum

  • middle meningeal artery
29
Q

What is the characteristic of extradural haemorrhage?

A

unconsciousness and trauma

30
Q

What can happen in an extradural haemorrhage - especially to the ventricles?

A

they become squished together

31
Q

What is the neurosurgical emergency in extradural haemorrhage?

A

Burr Hole - artificial hole in the skull to relieve pressure

32
Q

What is a contre-coup injury?

A

subdural with subarachnoid extension

Anatomy term 2 (25 decks)

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