Radiology Flashcards
What does CT stand for?
computed topography
What does MRI stand for?
magnetic resonance imaging
What imagery shows vessels?
angiography
What should you be able to recognise in a CT?
- Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) -stroke
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage
- Extradural haematoma
NOTE
horizontal CT and MRI scans are viewed from below
What are the main differences between CT and MRI?
CT
- X rays
- High radiation
- Bone
MRI
- Magnets
- Soft tissue
When is CT commonly used?
Acute cases
View Bone
When are MRIs useful?
soft tissue definition
On CT what appears hyper dense (bright)?
blood
On CT what appears hypo dense (dark)?
oedema
On T1 weighted MRI what appears hyper dense (bright)?
Fat
On T1 weighted MRI what appears hypo dense (dark)?
Fluid
On T2 weighted MRI what appears hyper dense (bright)?
Fluid
On T2 weighted MRI what appears hypo dense (dark)?
Fat
What are the 3 cerebral arteries?
- middle cerebral artery
- posterior cerebral artery
- anterior cerebral artery
What region of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply?
frontal lobe
lateral surface of temporal lobe
parietal lobe - primary motor and sensory areas of the face
What region of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
occipital lobe
What region of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
medial portions of the frontal lobes
superior medial parietal lobe
In terms of stroke syndromes what does TACI stand for?
total anterior circulation infarct
In terms of stroke syndromes what does PACI stand for?
partial anterior circulation infarct
In terms of stroke syndromes what does POCI stand for?
posterior circulation infarct
What is a lacunar stroke?
stroke that results from occlusion from one of the penetrating arteries that provides blood to the deep structures of the brain.
What does an infarct usually look like on a CT?
oedema - dark patch - usually ischaemic stroke
What is the treatment for ischaemic stroke?
Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) to dissolve thrombus
What are the anatomical components of the basal ganglia?
caudate nucelus
putamen
ventral striatum
globus pallidus
ventral pallidum
substantia niagra
subthalamic nucleus
What is a subarachanoid haemorrhage and which vessels are usually involved?
bleeding into the subarachnoid space
- terminal internal carotid artery
- anterior cerebral artery
- middle cerebral artery
What is a subdural haemorrhage and which vessel is usually affected?
blood gathers in subdural haemorrhage
increases intracranial pressure
- middle meningeal artery
What is the extradural haemorrhage and which vessel does it usually affect?
collection of blood between dura and periosteum
- middle meningeal artery
What is the characteristic of extradural haemorrhage?
unconsciousness and trauma
What can happen in an extradural haemorrhage - especially to the ventricles?
they become squished together
What is the neurosurgical emergency in extradural haemorrhage?
Burr Hole - artificial hole in the skull to relieve pressure
What is a contre-coup injury?
subdural with subarachnoid extension
