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Anatomy term 2 > Ascending Sensory pathways 1 > Flashcards

Ascending Sensory pathways 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are somaesthetic pathways?

A

perception of bodily sense - pain, temperature, touch and position

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2
Q

What is a spinothalamic pathway?

A

responds to pain, temp and some touch

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3
Q

What is a dorsal column pathway?

A

responds to fine, precise touch, vibration and position.

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4
Q

What is proprioception?

A

position awareness

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5
Q

What two things does the somaesthetic pathway involve?

A
  • body

- perception

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6
Q

From where are different types of modalities of information carried to the brain in the somaesthetic pathway? (4)

A
  1. Skin
  2. Mucus membranes
  3. Joints
  4. Muscles
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7
Q

How is each modality detected in somaesthetic pathway?

A

specific sensory receptors/ specialised nerve endings

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8
Q

What 2 groups does somaesthetic modalities fall into?

A
  1. Essential for survival - Spinothalamic pathway

2. That increase detail - Dorsal column pathway

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9
Q

What modalities are essential to survival?

A

pain, temperature, some touch and pressure

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10
Q

What types of fibres are modalities that are essential for survival/spinothalamic pathway carried?

A

thin, small diameter, poorly myelinated or unmyelinated fibres

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11
Q

What is conduction like in modalities that are essential for survival/ spinothalamic pathway?

A

slow

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12
Q

What modalities increase detail/ dorsal column pathway?

A

2 point discrimination and vibration, proprioception

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13
Q

What type of fibres carry modalities that increase detail/ dorsal column pathway?

A

large diameter, heavily myelinated

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14
Q

What is conduction like in modalities that increase detail/ dorsal column pathway?

A

fast

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15
Q

Which side of the central gyrus of the brain is information from the right side sensed?

A

left central gyrus

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16
Q

How many neurones are involved in the general sensory pathway?

A

3 neurone chain

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17
Q

What is in the thalamus?

A

VPL - ventral posteral nucleus/ Posterior ventral nucleus

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18
Q

What is the 1st order neurone?

A
  • pseudo unipolar cell body
  • in sensory ganglion
  • DRG
  • centre is ipsilateral
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19
Q

What is the 2nd order neurone?

A
  • axon crosses midline

- ascends to ventral posterior nucleus in thalamus

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20
Q

What is the 3rd order neurone?

A
  • axon projects to post central gyrus - parietal lobe
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21
Q

Where do the cell bodies of the 1st order neurons reside in?

A

dorsal root ganglia (PNS)

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22
Q

Where do the cell bodies of 2nd order neurons reside in?

A

CNS ipsilateral gray matter

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23
Q

Where do axons of the 2nd order neurone cross and what do they ascend to?

A

crosses the midline

ascend to thalamus

24
Q

Where do the cell bodies of 3rd neurone reside in and where do the axons project to?

A

thalamus

axons project to somatosensory cortex

25
Q

What pathways are somatotopic?

A

sensory pathways

26
Q

How can synaptic transmission from 1st, 2nd and 3rd neurone be modified?

A
  • neurones not simple relay

- modified by other inputs - descending pathways or convergence/divergence

27
Q

What is the medial surface of the brain’s hemisphere supplied by and what can damage result in?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

damage to certain features on somatotopic map on post-central gyrus

28
Q

What is a converging circuit?

A

several presynaptic neurons that stimulate a single postsynaptic neuron

29
Q

What is a diverging circuit?

A

a single presynaptic neurone stimulating several post-synaptic neurone

30
Q

What are the two major types of fibre tracts?

A

ascending fibre tracts

descending fibre tracts

31
Q

Is the dorsal column ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

ipsilateral

32
Q

What information does the dorsal column interpret?

A

joint position sense and vibration sense

33
Q

When does the dorsal column cross the midline?

A
  • won’t cross immediately

- crosses over at the medulla

34
Q

Is the spinothalamic pathway ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

contralateral

35
Q

When does the spinothalmic pathway cross the midline?

A

immediately

36
Q

In spinothalamic pathway where does the synapse cross over the midline?

A

at a very specific place

37
Q

In the spinothalamic pathway where is the 1st neurone cell body?

A

In dorsal root ganglia

38
Q

How and where does the 1st neurone contact the 2nd neurone in the spinothalmic pathway?

A

Fibres ascend 1-2 segments then contacts in dorsal grey horn

39
Q

Where does the second neurone cross the midline in the spinothalamic pathway?

A

in ventral white commissure

40
Q

In the spinothalamic tract where does the 2nd neurone fibres ascend to?

A

thalamus

41
Q

Where does the spinothalamic tract change it’s name?

A

At the levels of the brainstem

Spinal lemiscus

42
Q

Where is the 1st neurone cell body in the dorsal column pathway?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

43
Q

Where do the 2nd neurone cell body ascend?

A

In one of the ipsilateral dorsal column

44
Q

Where does the gracile fascicle run?

A

whole length of the spinal cord

45
Q

Where does the cuneate fascicle run?

A

above T6 only

46
Q

In the dorsal surface on the brain stem what receives ascending sensory tracts from the spinal cord and what are these a part of?

A

medulla

  • the dorsal column pathway
47
Q

What types of sensations does the dorsal column pathway pick up?

A

discriminatory touch

position sense

48
Q

Where does the 1st neurone ascend to synapse with the 2nd neuron in the dorsal column pathway?

A

The cuneate or gracile nucleus

49
Q

Where does the 2nd neurone cross the midline in the dorsal column pathway?

A

internal arcuate fibres

50
Q

Where to the fibres in the dorsal column pathway ascend in and to?

A

Medial lemniscus to thalamus

51
Q

What is somatotopically organised?

A

medial leminiscus - collection of fibres that pass through the brainstem

52
Q

Which hemisphere do both pathways project to?

A

to the opposite hemisphere

53
Q

Where do fibres carrying pain an temperature travel in the cord? (spinothalamic pathway)

A

Contralaterally

54
Q

Where do fibres carrying pain and temperature (spinothalamic pathway) cross?

A

at the level of the spinal cord entry

55
Q

Where do fibres carrying discriminative touch and proprioception travel?

A

ipsilateral in the cord

56
Q

How many neurons does the dorsal column and spinothalamic pathway use?

A

3 neurons

57
Q

Examples of different modalities

A
  1. temp
  2. pain
  3. pressure

Anatomy term 2 (25 decks)

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