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Anatomy term 2 > Ascending Sensory pathways 2 > Flashcards

Ascending Sensory pathways 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are somaesthetic pathways?

A

perception of bodily senses such as

  • pain
  • temperature
  • touch
  • position
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2
Q

Where are somaesthetic pathways?

A

in face and body

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3
Q

What number cranial nerve is the trigeminal nerve?

A

CN V

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4
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  1. opthalmic nerve - V1
  2. Maxillary nerve - V2
  3. Mandibular nerve - V3
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5
Q

Where does the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve run in the skull?

A

superior orbital fissure

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6
Q

Where does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve run in the skull?

A

foramen rotundum

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7
Q

Where does the mandibular division run in the skull?

A

foramen ovale

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8
Q

What branch of V2 (maxillary nerve) supplies the upper teeth?

A

Superior alveolar nerve

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9
Q

What branch of V3 (mandibular nerve) supplies the lower teeth?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

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10
Q

What is herpes zoster (shingles)?

A

infection of the sensory roots of trigeminal nerve

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11
Q

How does herpes zoster (shingles) spread/infect?

A

Along the dermatome - if it affects V2 the maxilla will have a group of shingles blisters on their face along the maxilla

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12
Q

What 2 groups do the somaesthetic modalities fall into?

A
  1. modalities that are essential for survival - pain, temp, some touch and pressure
  2. modalities that increase detail - discriminative touch and proprioception
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13
Q

What is meant by discriminative touch?

A

2 point discrimination

Vibration

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14
Q

How many neurones are involved in the chain from receptor to sensory cortex?

A

3 neuron chains

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15
Q

How do the first order neurones travel?

A

from PNS to CNS

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16
Q

Where are first order neurons found?

A

cell bodies in the peripheral ganglia

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17
Q

How do the second order neurons travel?

A

across midline

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18
Q

Where are the second order neurone found?

A

extend to thalamus

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19
Q

How do third neurones travel?

A

extend from the thalamus to the post-central gyrus

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20
Q

Where are cranial nerve nuclei located?

A

brainstem

they are very specific

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21
Q

Where does sensory information received in cranial nerve nuclei come from?

A

fibres entering brainstem n cranial nerves?

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22
Q

What does the cranial nerve nuclei also give rise to that leave the brainstem in cranial nerves?

A

motor fibres

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23
Q

What is the cranial nerve nuclei equivalent to?

A

dorsal grey horn in spinal cord

  • collection of cell bodies
  • where primary sensory neurons synapse withs secondary sensory neurons
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24
Q

What is the motor nucleus equivalent to?

A

ventral grey horn

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25
Q

What does the trigeminal central nucleus deal with?

A

fibres coming from trigeminal nerve

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26
Q

Which cranial nerves is general sensation from the head carried by?

A

CN V, VII, IX, X

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27
Q

Which cranial nerve is the major carrier of general sensory info from FACE, NOSE, SCALP and DURA?

A

trigeminal CNV

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28
Q

Which cranial nerve carries sensation for the external ear?

A

Facial CNVII

29
Q

Which cranial nerve carries sensation from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, pharynx and middle ear?

A

Glossopharyngeal CNVIX

30
Q

Which cranial nerve carries sensation from auditory canal, larynx, pharynx and oesophagus?

A

Vagus CN X

31
Q

Where does information from CN V, VII, IX and X travel? (which pathway?)

A

same pathway

trigeminal sensory pathway

32
Q

What 3 nuclei make up the trigeminal nerve nuclei?

A

mesencephalic nucelus

principle sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve

spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve

33
Q

Sensory fibres from cranial nerves run through the trigeminal nerve nucleus and to the thalamus?

A

trigeminal CNV

facial CN VII

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Vagus CN X

34
Q

Where does the motor nuclei of the trigeminal lie in comparison to the trigeminal nerve?

A

medial to the sensory nuclei

35
Q

NOTE

A

LEARN SOMATOTOPIC MAP ON POST-CENTRAL GYRUS

WILL BE ASSESSED

36
Q

In the trigeminal nuclei what are the 3 divisions in the sensory nucleus?

A
  1. mesencephalic nucelus
  2. pontine, chief nucleus
  3. spinal nucleus
37
Q

Where is the mesencephalic nucleus?

A

midbrain

38
Q

Where is the pontine/chief sensory nucleus?

A

Pons

39
Q

Where is the spinal nucleus?

A

in medulla

40
Q

What is pain and temp received by?

A

caudal part of the spinal nucleus

41
Q

What is simple touch and pressure received by?

A

more rostral parts of the spinal nucleus

42
Q

Which sides are the nuclei present?

A

present on both sides

43
Q

In the pain and temperature pathway where are the primary neuron cell bodies found?

A

trigeminal ganglion

44
Q

What is the fibre like in the pain and temperature pathway? (2)

A

thin

slow

45
Q

How do the fibres run in the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve nuclei in the pain and temp pathway?

A

caudally

46
Q

Where does the primary neurone synapse with the secondary neurone in the pain and temp pathway?

A

in spinal nucleus

47
Q

what happens after the synapsing in the spinal nucleus in the pain and temp pathway?

A

axon crosses over and ascends in trigeminothalamic tract to specific place on thalamus (VPM)

runs very deep to midbrain and pons etc

48
Q

What is VPM and what does it stand for?

A

ventral posteromedial nucleus

a nucleus of the thalamus

conveys facial sensory information of the trigeminothalamic tract and projects to the post-central gyrus

49
Q

Where is the primary neuron cells found in the touch and pressure pathway?

A

trigeminal ganglion

50
Q

What are the fibres like in the touch and pressure pathway?

A

thin

slow

51
Q

Where do the fibres descend in the touch and pressure pathway?

A

doesn’t descend as much as temp

in spinal tract of trigeminal

52
Q

Where does synapsing between primary neurons and secondary neurons take place in the touch and pressure pathway?

A

more rostrally in spinal nucleus

53
Q

What happens to the axon after synapsing occurs in the touch and pressure pathway?

A

axon crosses and ascends in trigeminothalamic tract

54
Q

NOTE - TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH ROSTRA MEDULLA OBLONGATA

A
  • arcuate fibres - gracile and cuneate tubercles
  • spinal tract
  • medial leminscus
  • pyramids
  • spinal nucleus
  • central canal
  • left trigeminothalamic tract - info from right side (vice versa)
55
Q

What is the trigeminal sensory nucleus like?

A

dorsal column pathway

56
Q

What kind of modality does the pontine chief sensory nucleus receive in trigeminal sensory nucleus?

A

discriminative touch

57
Q

What kind of modality does the mesencephalic nucleus in the trigeminal sensory nucleus?

A

proprioception

58
Q

How is the mesencephalic nucleus an exception?

A

as it contradicts the generalisation that the first order cell bodies are in the peripheral ganglia

59
Q

Where are primary neurone cell bodies in the discriminatory touch pathway?

A

trigeminal ganglion

60
Q

What are the fibres like in the discriminatory touch pathway?

A

fast

fat

61
Q

Where does the primary neurone synapse with the secondary neurone in discriminatory touch pathway?

A

pontine nucleus

62
Q

What happens after synapsing in the discriminatory touch pathway?

A

axon crosses and ascends in the trigeminothalamic tract to thalamus

63
Q

What is a key feature of the discriminatory touch pathway?

A

It does’t ascend or descend significantly prior to synapsing

64
Q

Where is the primary neurone found in the proprioception pathway?

A

mesencephalic nucleus

65
Q

Where do most of the axons in the proprioception pathway travel?

A

In mandibular division of V

66
Q

Where does the primary neurone synapse in the proprioception pathway?

A

alongside M nucleys (adjacent to the nucleus)

outside the trigeminal nuclei

67
Q

Where does the axon cross and ascend to in the proprioception pathway?

A

after synapsing

ascends to thalamus in trigeminothalamic tract

68
Q

What do other fibres in the proprioception pathway do in the proprioception pathway?

A

contact motor neurons in the trigeminal motor nucleus

  • muscles of mastication - jaw jerk reflex

Anatomy term 2 (25 decks)

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