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Anatomy term 2 > Living anatomy of the lower limb > Flashcards

Living anatomy of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the round shape of the gluteal region due to?

A

Gluteus maximus

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2
Q

What does the gluteal fold mark?

A

inferior border of gluteus maximus

marks boundary between gluteal and posterior thigh regions

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3
Q

Which muscles contribute to the quadriceps?

A
  1. rectus femoris
  2. vastus lateralis
  3. vastus intermedius
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4
Q

Which 3 quadriceps are visible on the anterior surface of the thigh?

A
  1. vastus lateralis
  2. vastus medialis
  3. rectus femoris
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5
Q

Visible tendons on the foot are?

A
  1. tibialis anterior tendon
  2. extensor hallucis longus tendon
  3. extensor digitorum longus
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6
Q

Why are bony landmarks vital during physical examinations and surgery?

A
  1. evaluate normal development
  2. detect and assess fractures/dislocations
  3. locate blood vessels, nerves etc
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7
Q

What is the most prominent surface feature of the pelvic girdle and where does it run?

A

iliac crest

runs from ASIS to PSIS

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8
Q

Why is the PSIS difficult to palpate and how are they located ?

A

as they are normally covered by fat

located by permanent skin dimples lateral to the midline caused by attachment of the overlying fascia to the PSIS

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9
Q

What passes through the S2 spinous process and joins the dimples and where else does the line pass through?

A

a line

through the middle of the sacroiliac joints

and bifurcation of the iliac arteries

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10
Q

What structure within the vertebral canal terminates at this level (S2)?

A

filum terminale

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11
Q

What is the name of a line that joins the highest points of the iliac crests and passes through the intervertebral disc between L4 and L5?

A

supracristal plane

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12
Q

What landmark is used for lumbar puncture?

A

L4 and L5 - supracristal plane

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13
Q

Where can the tibia be palpated?

A

throughout the length of the leg

particularly prominent on the anteromedial surface of the leg - where it is only covered by skin and a thin layer of subcutaneous fat

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14
Q

Where is the fibula palpable?

A

only palpable at proximal and distal ends - head of fibula and lateral malleolus

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15
Q

What is the femoral triangle?

A

important area located on the anterior thigh - contains neuromuscular structures

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16
Q

How is the femoral artery used by clinicians?

A

used by interventional radiologists to access arterial system

insert catheters and stents into arteries all over the body - coronary and carotid arteries

arterial line

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17
Q

Boundaries of the femoral triangle

A

superior - inguinal ligament

lateral - medial border of sartorius muscle

medial - adductor longus muscle

roof - fascia kata

base - pectineus, iliopsoas and adductor longus

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18
Q

contents of femoral triangle

A

femoral nerve

femoral artery

femoral vein

lymphatics

NAVEL

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19
Q

Contents of the popliteal fossa

A
  1. popliteal vein
  2. popliteal artery
  3. tibial nerve

Serve - Sartorius

And - Artery

Volley - Vein

Next - Nevre

Ball - Biceps femoris

medial to lateral

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20
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve wrap around?

A

neck of fibula

21
Q

What are 4 important pulse points routinely used in clinical examinations?

A
  1. femoral pulse point
  2. popliteal pulse point
  3. posterior tibial pulse point
  4. dorsalis pedis pulse point
22
Q

Where is the femoral pulse palpated?

A

half way between ASIS and pubic tubercle

slightly inferior to the inguinal ligament

23
Q

Where can you palpate the pulse of the popliteal artery and what is done to aid palpation?

A

popliteal fossa

aid - knee flexed and foot resting on ground/couch to relax the hamstrings

24
Q

Where can the pulse of the posterior tibial artery be palpated?

A

posterior to the medial malleolus

25
Q

Where can the dorsal is pedis artery be palpated?

A

lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longs

26
Q

Why is it necessary to palpate all pulse points of the lower limb on examination?

A

to identify sufficient blood supply and perfusion

27
Q

Where do the superficial veins of the lower limbs originate from?

A

dorsal venous arch of the foot

28
Q

Course and drainage of the venous system of the lower limb

A
  1. dorsal venous arch
  2. medial side and lateral side

Medial side

  1. superiorly and anterior to the medial malleolus
  2. great saphenous vein

Lateral side

  1. Posterior to the lateral malleolus and up posterior surface of the leg as the small saphenous vein
  2. popliteal vein
29
Q

What is the name given to swollen and enlarged veins with valves that no longer work?

A

Varicose veins

30
Q

NOTE

A

know dermatomes

31
Q

NOTE

A

know myotomes

32
Q

Lateral external hip rotation

A

L5 and L1

33
Q

Medial internal hip rotation

A

L1, L2 and L3

34
Q

Abduction of hip

A

L5 and S1

35
Q

Adduction of hip

A

L1, L2, L3 and L4

36
Q

Inversion of foot (subtalar)

A

L4 and L5

37
Q

Eversion of foot (subtalar)

A

L5 and S1

38
Q

Dorsiflexion of metatarsophalangeal and phalangeal

A

L5 and S1

39
Q

Plantarflexion of metatarsophalangeal and phalangeal

A

S1 and S2

40
Q

Flexion of hip

A

L2 and L3

41
Q

Extension of hip

A

L4 and L5

42
Q

Extension of knee

A

L3 and L4

43
Q

Flexion of knee

A

L5 and S1

44
Q

Dorsiflexion of ankle

A

L4 and L5

45
Q

Plantarflexion of ankle

A

S1 and S2

46
Q

What reflexes can be tested?

A

ankle reflex

knee reflex

47
Q

What ligament is tapped with a hammer and causes a knee reflex and what movement should you expect?

A

patella ligament

expect extension of leg at knee joint

48
Q

How do you carry out an ankle reflex and what movement would you expect?

A

push the foot into dorsiflexed position

tap the calcaneal tendon superior to it’s insertion on the calcaneal bone

plantarflexion

Anatomy term 2 (25 decks)

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