Lower limb 3 - anterior and medial compartments of the thigh Flashcards
What 3 articulations does the knee joint consist of between the distal end of the femur, tibia and patella?
- medial femerotibial
- lateral femerotibial
- femeropatellar
What bone does not take part in the knee joint?
fibula
What is the patella?
- a triangular sesamoid bone that develops the tendon of the quadriceps muscle.
What are the regions of the patella?
- base
- apex
- 2 surfaces - articular and anterior
- 2 facets
How does the vastus medialis prevent the patella being pulled too laterally?
It pulls at a more oblique angle than the other 3 quadriceps
What is the other mechanism that prevents the patella from being pulled too far laterally?
lateral femoral condyle - bony ridge
What happens if the lateral femoral condyle is underdeveloped?
recurrent dislocations of the patella
What happens to the patella if there is a direct blow to it and why is it not avulsed?
the patella may split or shatter
not avulsed - as quadricep expansion remains in tact
What is avulsion?
full detachment
Why is the knee joint dependent on the strength of surrounding muscles, ligaments and menisci for stability?
as the knee joint is incongruent
What opening does the long (great) saphenous vein pass through the deep fascia?
saphenous hiatus or saphenous opening
What superficial veins do you need to know?
- femoral vein
- saphenous ring
- great saphenous vein
- lateral side
- dorsal venous arch
- small saphenous vein
- popliteal vein
What provides a transient route through the thigh for the major vessels passing to and from the leg? (3)
- femoral triangle
- adductor canal
- popliteal fossa
Why is the anatomy of the femoral triangle important clinically? (4)
- vascular access
- femoral hernia
- vascualr surgery
- lymphatic spread of disease
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Base - inguinal ligament
medial border - adductor longus
lateral border - sartonius muscle
floor - pectinous, adductor longs and iliopsoas
apex - fascia canal/ adductor canal
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
femoral nerve, vein and artery and lymphatics
NAVEL - order seen
What muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve?
mainly anterior compartment of the thigh muscles
- sartorius
- pectineus
- rectus femoris
- vastus medialis
- vastus lateralis
- vastus intermedius
What is the adductor canal?
carries femoral vessels
carries saphenous nerve
between femoral triangle and popliteal fossa
What are the boundaries of the adductor canal?
anterior - sartorius
posteromedially - adductor longs and magnus
laterally - vastus medialis
In which compartment are the quadricep muscles in?
anterior
In which compartment are the pectinous and iliopsoas muscles?
anterior
What muscles are involved in the medial compartment of the thigh and where do they all arise from?
arise - external surface of pubis and ischiopubic rams
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- adductor magnus
- gracilis
- obturator externus
Where is the adductor hiatus located?
between hamstring and adductor parts of adductor magnus
