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Anatomy term 2 > Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves - Control > Flashcards

Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves - Control Flashcards

1
Q

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae are there?

A
  • cervical - 7
  • thoracic - 12
  • lumbar - 5
  • sacral - 5
  • coccygeal - 1
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2
Q

How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

A

1

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3
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8

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4
Q

What is the nerve root of the phrenic nerve?

A

C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive.

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5
Q

How many spinal cord segments are there?

A

31

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6
Q

How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

A

12

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7
Q

How many lumbar spinal nerves are there?

A

5

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8
Q

How many sacral spinal nerves are there?

A

5

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9
Q

How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

A

1

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10
Q

How many segmental spinal nerves does each segment give rise to?

A

1 pair

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11
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

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12
Q

Where do spinal nerves lie in the cervical region?

A

Above the vertebra

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13
Q

Where do the spinal nerves lie in relation to the thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae?

A

Below the vertebra

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14
Q

Where does spinal nerve C1 emerge?

A

Between the skull and C1 vertebra

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15
Q

Where do the spinal nerves C2 to C7 emerge?

A

Superior to pedicles

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16
Q

Where does the spinal nerve C8 emerge?

A

Inferior to Pedicles of C8 vertebra

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17
Q

Where do the spinal nerves T1 to Co emerge?

A

Inferior to the Pedicles of their respective vertebrae

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18
Q

How many vertebra does the vertebral column contain?

A

30

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19
Q

What is a laminectomy?

A

cut through the lamina to look into the vertebral column

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20
Q

What is the Cauda equine?

A

cluster of rootlets

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21
Q

what is the conus medullaris?

A

inferior tip of the spinal cord - L1/2 - termination of spinal cord

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22
Q

what is the dorsal rootlet?

A

a very small series of rootlets that go to a specify segment

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23
Q

What does the cervical enlargement contain? (what plexus?

A

the brachial plexus

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24
Q

What types of information does the dorsal rootlet contain?

A

sensory information

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25
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A

Extensions of Pia mater - 1 fine strand attaches to the coccyx and is a remnant of the developing spinal cord

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26
Q

What does the lumbar enlargement accommodate?

A

sciatic nerve

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27
Q

What are dura, arachnoid and pia mater?

A

meninges that surround the spinal cord

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28
Q

What is dura mater?

A

tough, fibrous sleeve separated from bone by fat filled epidural (extra) space.

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29
Q

How many layers of dura mater are there?

A

1

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30
Q

What is arachnoid mater?

A

Thin, delicate layer pressed against dura by CSF

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31
Q

What is Pia mater?

A

thin layer attached to surface of cord

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32
Q

what does pia mater form?

A

denticulate ligaments

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33
Q

How does CSF enter the subarachnoid space?

A

by leaving the median and lateral apertures of the ventricular system

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34
Q

What layer is the spinal cord made up of?

A

meningeal layer ONLY

35
Q

How many layers of dura surround the spinal cord?

A

a single layer

36
Q

What does the periosteal layer in the skull become as it leaves the skull?

A

Becomes part of the periosteum of the skull

37
Q

When is an epidural used?

A

during child birth

38
Q

What does the sub -arachnoid space push against?

A

the arachnoid mater running on the underside of the dura mater

39
Q

Which space does an epidural go into?

A

epidural space

40
Q

Does an epidural space run through the dura mater?

41
Q

Does a spinal anaesthetic pass through the dura mater?

42
Q

What is the denticulate ligament?

A

extensions of pia mater which attach to the lateral walls of the vertebral canal for stability.

43
Q

What types of fibres do ventral roots contain?

A

motor fibres and efferent fibres thate sit the spinal cord.

44
Q

What are ganglion/ganglia?

A

collection of cell bodies

45
Q

What does the lumbar cistern not contain?

A

the spinal cord

46
Q

where is the lumbar cistern?

A

from the conus medullaris (L1/2) to S2.

47
Q

What does the lumbar cistern contain? (3)

A
  1. CSF
  2. Filum terminale
  3. Cauda equina
48
Q

What rootlets are in the caudal equina?

A

dorsal and ventral roots of lower lumbar, sacral and cocygeal segmental spinal nerves.

49
Q

What happens to nerve roots when a needle is inserted during a lumbar puncture?

A

The nerve roots move out of the way - that is why a lumbar puncture is ideal

50
Q

What is the lumbar cistern a good entry for?

A

Lumbar puncture

51
Q

How does the spinal cord change in length from foetus to birth to adult life?

A

The spinal cord straightens out.

Foetus - the vertebral canal grows faster than the spinal cord hence the spinal cord is shorter

Birth - finishes at L3

Adult - L1/2

52
Q

Where does the spinal cord receive arterial blood supply from?

A

unpaired anterior spinal arteries

paired posterior spinal arteries

53
Q

Where do the anterior and posterior spinal arteries arise from?

A

vertebral artery

54
Q

what are the vertebral arteries supported by along the length of the spinal cord?

A
  • segmental medullary arteries

- radicular arteries

55
Q

What spinal branch comes off at the neck?

A

vertebral artery

56
Q

What spinal branch comes off in the thorax?

A

posterior intercostal artery

57
Q

what spinal branch comes off the abdomen?

58
Q

What spinal branch comes off the pelvis?

A

lateral sacral artery

59
Q

What spinal branches do you need to know?

A
  1. anterior segmental medullary artery
  2. posterior intercostal artery
  3. posterior dorsal branch
  4. posteior intercostal artery
  5. posterior spinal artery
  6. anterior spinal artery
60
Q

What is contained with in grey matter (pathways) and what colour is it no a transverse section?

A

Cell bodies of ascending and descending pathways.

Black

61
Q

What does white matter contain?

A

axons and tracts - long pathways

62
Q

How do the dorsal grey horn and ventral grey horn span across the transverse section of the spinal cord?

A

across the entire length

63
Q

What type of nerves does the lateral grey horn contain?

A

autonomic nerves

64
Q

What do you need to know in regards to the transverse section of the spinal cord?

A
  1. lateral, ventral, dorsal grey horn
  2. ventral white commissure
  3. lateral, ventral and dorsal white column
65
Q

Where is the lateral grey horn present (what levels of vertebrae)?

A

T1-L2 and S2-S4

66
Q

What forms the epineurium?

A

spinal nerves leaving the vertebral canal taking the meningeal covering with it

67
Q

What is the epineurium?

A

a protective outer sheath of connective tissue

68
Q

What happens to white matter as it ascends the spinal cord?

A

it increases

69
Q

When does the ventral horn enlarge?

A

It enlarges where motor fibres to limbs arise - cervical and lumbar enlargements

70
Q

Above which segment are 2 dorsal columns on each side of the midline of the transverse section of the spinal cord?

71
Q

What are the 2 dorsal columns on either side of the midline above T6?

A

Gracile fascicle medially

Cuneate fascicle laterally

2 regions of white matter

72
Q

What does a fascicle contain?

A

white matter - tracts and axons

73
Q

What does the gracile fascicle relate to?

A

Lower limbs - gracilis muscle

74
Q

What does the cuneate fascicle relate to?

A

Upper limbs

75
Q

Is the spinal grey matter specialised?

76
Q

What nuclei is the spinal grey matter site of?

A

sensory or motor nuclei

77
Q

Is the dorsal column ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

ipsilateral

78
Q

What does the dorsal column do?

A

position sense

vibration sense

79
Q

What does the lateral corticospinal tract do?

A

voluntary movement on the right

80
Q

What is the ventral corticospinal tract involved in?

A

voluntary movement on the right

81
Q

What is the spinothalamic tract involved in?

A

pain, light touch and temp

82
Q

Is the spinothalamic tract ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

Contralateral

83
Q

Are the ascending and descending tracts present on both sides of the spinal cord?

Anatomy term 2 (25 decks)

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