Lower limb 5 - The foot

Question 1

What is the ankle joint?

Answer 1

A hinge-type synovial joint between the distal tibia, fibula and the talus

Question 2

What are the possible movements at the ankle joint? (4)

Answer 2

1. dorsiflexion
2. plantarflexion
3. inversion
4. eversion

Question 3

What is the ankle joint strengthened by?

Answer 3

By a number of ligaments that are name after the bones they are attached to.

Question 4

What are the 2 important inter tarsal joints?

Answer 4

1. subtalar joint

2. transverse talar joint

Question 5

What 2 bones is the subtalar joint formed by?

Answer 5

1. talus

2. calcaneus

Question 6

What 2 articulations is the transverse talar joint formed by?

Answer 6

1. the calcaneus and cuboid bone

2. the navicular and talus bones

Question 7

What movements are possible at the subtalar joint? (2)

Answer 7

inversion

eversion

Question 8

What do the transverse and longitudinal arches do and what are they important in?

Answer 8

act as shock absorbers

important in weight bearing function of the foot

Question 9

What factors support the arches of the foot?

Answer 9

Passive - ligaments and shape of bones

Dynamic - intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot

Question 10

What pes planus?

Answer 10

flat footedness due to loose or degenerating ligaments

Question 11

What are the 2 intrinsic extensor muscles and where are they located?

Answer 11

1. extensor hallucis brevis
2. extensor digitorum brevis

on the dorsum of the foot

Question 12

Innervation of the skin and muscles of the dorsum of the foot is done by which nerves?

Answer 12

1. deep fibular nerve
2. sural nerve
3. superficial nerve
4. saphenous nerve

read Grays for more info

Question 13

Where are the majority of the intrinsic muscles of the foot located and how many layers are they arranged into?

Answer 13

plantar aspect of the foot

4

Question 14

What does the first layer of intrinsic muscles in the plantar aspect of located? (3)

Answer 14

1. flexor digitorum brevis
2. adductor hallucis
3. abductor digiti minimi

Question 15

What is the function of aponeurosis?

Answer 15

join muscles and the body parts the muscles act upon whether it be bone or muscle.

Question 16

What are the second layer of intrinsic muscles in the plantar aspect of the foot?

Answer 16

1. flexor hallucis longus
2. flexor digitorum longus
3. lumbricals
4. quadratus plantae

Question 17

What are the flexor accessory muscles

Answer 17

lumbrical and quadrates plantae

Question 18

What does the third layer of plantar muscles contain?

Answer 18

flexor hallucis brevis

flexor digiti mimimi brevis

adductor hallucis - transverse and oblique head

Question 19

What does the fourth (deepest) layer of the plantar muscles contain?

Answer 19

1. dorsal interossei

2. Plantar interossei

Question 20

How many plantar interossei muscles are there?

Answer 20

3

Question 21

How many dorsal interossei muscles are there?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

What are the dorsal and plantar interossei muscles attached to and occupy?

Answer 22

spaces between metatarsal bones

Question 23

Where do the inetrossei adduct and abduct and what is the range of movement like?

Answer 23

about an axis which passes along the second toe

range of movement is small

Question 24

What do the plantar interossei muscles do?

Answer 24

Adduct

PAD - plantar adduct

Question 25

What do the dorsal interossei muscles do?

Answer 25

abduct

DAB - dorsal abduct

Question 26

What nerves supplies the sole of the foot? (5)

Answer 26

1. medial plantar nerve
2. saphenous nerve
3. tibial nerve
4. sural nerve
5. lateral plantar nerve

Question 27

What is the blood supply like to the sole of the foot including the formation of the deep plantar arch?

Answer 27

Arteries

1. posterior tibial artery
2. lateral plantar artery –> forms deep plantar arch
3. medial plantar artery
4. Dorsalis pedis artery

Veins

1. Great saphenous vein
2. small saphenous vein