the orbit and the eye Flashcards
the membrane lining the inner eyelid
Palpebral conjunctiva
the membrane lining the surface of the eye
bulbar conjuctiva
the potential space between the palpebral and bulbar conjuctiva
conjunctival sac
the conjuctival reflections from eyelid to eye
conjunctival fornices
size of upper vs lower eyelid
upper is larger
muscles that cross around eyelid, surrounding the eye to close the eye
orbicularis occuli
what innvervates orbicularis occuli
CN VII (facial)
connective tissue between the strands of orbicularis occuli are continuous with the tendon of
levator papebral superioris
nerve for levator papebral superioris
CN III(oculomotor)
muscle for the tarsal plate, inferior to levator papebral superioris
superior tarsal muscle
inner lining of the eyelid that contains tarsal glands all the way to the papebral fissure
tarsal plate
roll of the superior tarsal muscle
hold eyes open when not sleeping not voluntarily (sympathetic)
roll of sebatious glands in eyelids
keep tears from evaporating so eyes stay moist
connective tissue that completely surrounds eye from the boney tissue to papebral fissure
orbital septum
the supperior support of the yelid
superior tarsus
the inferior support for the eyelid
inferior tarsus
anchor of the commisures of the eyelid
lateral palepral ligament and medial palpebral ligament
eyelid support that interdigitates with orbicularis occuli
tendon of levator palpebrae superioris muscle
what separates the infra and supra trochlear nerve
the trochlea
vein and artery strucutre of the orbit
the supra-orbital artery and vein and infra-orbital artery. Anastomose with each other
also lacrimal artery fro internal
roof of orbit
frontal, sphenoid
lateral wall of orbit
zygomatic, sphenoid
floor of orbit
maxilla, zygomatic
back of orbit
sphenoid (both lesser and greater wing)
medial wall of orbit
ethmoidal bone(back), lacrimal bone(front), palatine(sliver in bottom)
openings of the orbit
superior orbital fissure
optic canal
inferior orbital fissure
what defines the inferior orbital fissure
the maxilla and greater wing
the superior orbital fissure is between
the superior and lesser wing
what bones contribute to the orbital rim
frontal maxillary and zygomatic
foramina on the medial wall of the orbit
anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramen between ethmoid and frontal bone
and fossa for the lacrimal sac
what makes the fossa for the lacrimal sca
lacrimal bone and maxilla
what passes through the optic canal
CN II and ophthalmic A
what passes through the superior orbital fissure
CN III, IV, V1, and VI
opthalmic vv
what passes through the supraorbital notch/foramen
supraorbital N (Branch of CN V1) Supraorbital A
what passes through the orbital fissure
Infraorbital N
Zygomatic N (CN V2)
Zygomatic A
what passes through the infraorbital foramen
infraorbital N (Brnach of CN V2) Infraorbital A
what passes through the anterior ethmoid foramen
Anterior ethmoidal N (Branch of CN V1)
Anterior ethmoidal A
what passes through the posterior ethmoidal foramen
posterior ethmoidal N (Brnach of CN V1)
Posterior ethmoid A
CN II
optic Nerve
CN II(Optic) exits orbit to go to
primary visiual cortex
the opthamic artery branches from
internal carotid
1st branch of the opthamic artery
central retinol artery
artery and nerves that dive into the medial wall of the ethmoid bone to supply ethmoidal air cells
anteior and posterior ethmoidal
what lies posterior to the lens of the eyeball
vitrious humor
what lies anterior to the lens
aqueous humor
what makes up the outler layer of the eye
anterior: cornea (1/6)
posterior: sclera (5/6)
why is the cornea clear but the sclera is not, despite the fact that have the same make up
the ECM molecules line up in parallel in the cornea
where extraoccular eye muscles attach
scleara
parts of the middle eye
Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris
Pupil
the thin middle layer of ciliary aa and vorticose vv
choroid
smooth muscle around the lens for accommodation
ciliary body
the colored smooth muscle behind the cornea for controlling pupil size
iris
the adjustable aperature thru which light enters eyes
pupil
what connects ciliary body to the lens
zonular ligaments
how do vorticose veins come together
at the equitorial line in quadrants
features of the inner eye
Retina, Macula lutea, Fovea centralis, optic disc
the neural layer of the eye which receives light rays
Retina
the oval region of retina for visual acuity (yellow in color thus only visible with red-free light)
Macula lutea
the most acute vision site at the center of macula
fovea centralis
the region where CN II and retinal vessels enter and exit
optic disc
where retinal nerves come together to begin to form CN II
optic disc
dura is what on the eye
sclera
arachnoid is what on eye
choroid
if too much CSF pressure, what happens to the optic disk
begin to buldge out towards retina
blind spot of eye
optic disk
refractive meida of the eye
cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitrous humor
the part of eye largely responsible for refraction of light in the ye
cornea
what focuses light rays and near or distant objects on retina
lens
the watery filling anterior to lens
aqueous humor
the gelatinous filling posterior to lens
vitreous humor (body)
when resportion in eye is blocked, what happens
glocoma (buildup of anterior pressure)
where is the lacrimal gland
in the superior lateral corner of the orbit
where do tears collect
lacrimal lake
the opens for the ducts for the nasolacrimal duct
pumpta
the ducts from the eye to the nasolacrimal duct
superior and inferior lacrimal caniculi
how do the superior and inferior lacrimal caniculi drain
from the pumpta to the lacrimal sac
where does the lacrimal sac sit
the bony fossa
where does the nasolacrimal duct open
inferior to the nasolacrimal concha
what muscles of the eye are outside of the tendonous ring of the eye
levator palpebra superioris
superior oblique
inferior oblique
raises upper eyelid
levator palpebrea superioris m
action of superior rectus m
elevates and adducts eye
action of inferior rectus m
depresses and adducts eye
action of lateral rectus m
abducts eye
action of medial rectus m
abducts eye
action of superior oblique m
dpresses and abducts eye and medially rotates eye
action of inferior oblique m
elevates and abducts eye and laterally rotates eye
orbital axis relation to visual axis
misaligned and gives us 3D vision
Roll of CN III in the eye
supplies levator palpebrea superioris, Superior recturs, medial rectus, Inferior rectus and inferior oblique mm
Caries para sympa to ciliary gnaglion
roll of CN IV in the eye
supplies superior Oblique m
CN VI in the eye
supplies Lateral rectus
pneumonic for motor nerve innervation of the eye
LR6(SO4)R3
what muscles are tested when eye is neutral
lateral and medial rectus
what msucles are tested when the eye is abducted
superior and inferior rectus
what muscle are tested when the eye is adducted
superior and inferior obliques
the nerve fibers between the eye and chiasm
optic n
the x shaped intermingling of nerve fibers
optic chiasm
the nerve fibers from chiasm to brain
optic tract
the 2 visual fields
temporal retina
nasal retina
what visual field crosses over at the chiasm
temporal vision
what vision remains ipsilateral
nasal vision
how to detect blindness
visual field testing where the location of lesion determines deficit
results in total blindness in affected eye
optic nerve lesion
produces loss of peripheral vision
optic chiasm lesion
results in ipsilateral nasal visual field loss and contralateral temporal visual field loss
optic tract lesion
roll of the ciliray ganglion
receives post synaptic parasympa from CNII
Supplies parasympa to ciliary m and pupillary sphincter m
sympa fibers of eye roll
pupillary dilator m
how does sympathetic innervation reach the eye
via the internal carotid plexus
where is the ciliary gnaglion
near optic nerve right behind the eye
what does the pupillary light reflex test
CN II and CN III
if there is CN III parasympathic lesion, what happens
pupil remains dilated
direct and consensual response to pupillary light reflex
direct: same eye constricts
consensual: different eye constricts
3 divisons of CN V1 in the orbit
Nasociliary N
Frontal N (most superior)
Lacrimal N
branches off the nasociliary N
Ethmoidal and infratrochlear nnn
long ciliary nn (sensory and symp) to posterior eye
branches off frontal N
supraorbital and supratrochlear nn
what does the lacrimal n supply
lacrimal gland and conjuctiva
arteries of the orbit and eye
opthalmic a posterior ciliary aa central retinal a ethmoidal aa supraorbital a supratrochlear a lacrimal a
what artery gives rise to all the arteries of the eye
ophthalmic a
what artery supplies the outer and middle layers of the eye
posterior ciliary aa
what artery supplies the inner layer of the retina
central retinal a
what artery supplies the anterior cranial fossa, nose, and sinuses
ethmoidal aa
what artery supplies central region of forehead
supraorbital a
what artery supplies the medial region of forehead
supratrochlear a
what artery supplies the lacrimal gland
lacrimal a
Vein from the upper medial orbit
superior ophthalmic v
vein from the lower medial orbit
inferior ophthalmic v
draining of the superior and inferior ophthalmic v
anastomose with facial v and drain to cavernous sinus
drain the retina
cetral retinal v
what does the central retinal v drain into
cavernous sinus
what does corticose vv drain into
superior and inferior ophthalmic vv
where can ophthalmic veins drain
facial v and veins of scalp anterior
cavernous sinus posterior
pterygoid plexus posterior and inferior
