Posterior Triangle of the Neck Flashcards by Jacob Amato

Fascia of neck immediately deep to skin

Superficial Fascia

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What makes up the superficial fascia of the neck

Comprised of loose connective tissue & fat (Subcutaneous tissue)

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Fascia deep to the superficial fascia

Deep Fascia

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What makes up the Deep fascia of the neck

Dense, organized connective tissue layer

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Fat in the Deep Fascia

lol,no

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Fascia that envelops most body structure deep to skin and subcutaneous tissue

Deep Fascia

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Compartment of neck that contains trachea, esophagus, and thyroid gland

Visceral compartment

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Compoartment of the neck that contains the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein, and CN X

Vascular compartment (2)

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Compartment that contains the vertebra, associated muscles, and spinal cord

Vertebral compartment

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Deep fascia that surround the trapesius, and Sternocleidoidmastoid mm, & infrahyoid mm

Investing fascia

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Pretracheal fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia relationship

Pretracheal is anterior and buccopharyngeal is posterior, but both the same layer.

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Deep Fascia of neck that surrounds the thyroid, trachea, esophagus & posterior surface of the infrahyoid mm.

Pretracheal Fascia

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Deep Fascia of the neck that surrounds the pharynx posteriorly

Buccopharyngeal fascia

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Anterior layer of prevertebral fascia that runs behind the buccopharyngeal fascia

Alar fascia

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Deep Fascia of the neck that surrounds prevertebral & deep back mm

Prevertebral fascia

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Column of fascia that surround the common carotid artery, Internal Carotid artery, internal Jugular Vein, and Vegus nerve

Carotid sheath

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What contributes to the Carotid sheath

Investing, buccopharyngeal, and Prevertebral fascia

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Fascia layers going posteriorly behind the pharyngeal wall

Buccopharyngeal fascia
space
Alar fascia
space
prevertebral fascia

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space between the buccopharyngeal fascia and the alar fascia

retropharyngeal space

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space between the alar fascia and prevertebral fascia

Prevertebral space (DANGER)

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Fascia of neck extrend to where

Base of skull

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where the alar layer stops inferiorly

bifurcation of the trachea

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where the Carotid Sheath is found

between Sternoclavomastoid m and prevertebral muscles

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Sheath formed by condensation of deep cervical fascia

Carotid Sheath

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Infection/blood in carotid sheath may spread from

skull down into middle mediastinum

where does the external carotid leave the carotid sheath

at the bifurcation so it can go outside to give branches to the face

where the pretracheal space is found

between trachea and infrahyoid mm

Where does the pretracheal space extend from and can spread infections

thyroid cartilage down into anterior mediastinum

location of the retropharyngeal space

between buccopharyngeal and alar fascia

the retropharyngeal space extends from and can spread infections

skull base down into superior mediastinum

The prevertebral "danger" space is between

Alar and prevertebral fascia

Infection of the prevertebral "danger" space can spread from

skull base down into posterior mediastinum, Notorious for inferior spread of infections

horizontal zone 1 of the neck

thoracic inlet to cricoid cartilage

horizontal zone 2 of the neck

cricoid cartilage to angle of the mandible

horizontal zone 3 of the neck

angle of mandible to base of skull

anterior point of hyoid vertebral level

CIII-CIV

vertebral level of bifurcation of external and internal carotid

CIII-CIV

vertebral level of inferior extent of the larynx

CV-CVI

borders of the posterior cervical triangle

Sternoclavomastoid muscle=ant Trapezius muscle=post Mider 1/3 of clavicle=inferior

Contents of posterior cervical triangle (superficial to deep)

``` Platysma m External jugular V Cutaneous nerves motor nerves transverse cervical and suprascapulat aa deep musclesd ```

where is external jugular vein found

the external surface of sternoclavomastoid muscle

Cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus

``` Lesser occipital (C2-C3) Great auricular (C2-C3) TRansverse cervical (C2-C3) Supraclavicular (C3-C4) ```

Where do cutanous nerves emerge

deep to scm at erb's point

travel of lesser occipital nerve(C2-C3)

runs superiorly along posterior border of SCM, crosses over portion of occipital

what does the lesser occipital nerve (C2-C3) cupply

skin of scalp at apex of posterior triangle

travel of great auricular nerve (C2-C3)

ascends vertically on surface of sternoclavomastoid with the external jugular vein superior toward ear

What does the great auricular nerve supply

lobe and skin posterior to auricle, and angle of mandible to mastoid process

travel of the transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3)

runs transversely across middle of sternoclavomastoid muscle

transverse cervical nerve supplies

skin of anterior cerivcal triangle and lateral neck

branches of the supraclavicular nerves(C3-C4)

medial, intermediate & lateral (posterior) nerves

travel of the supreclavicular nerves (C3-C4)

superficial to clavicle and deep to platysma

what does the supraclavicular nerves (C3-C4) supply

skin of clavicular region

Motor nerves of the posterior triangle

``` Accessory Nerve (CN XI) Phrenic N (C3-C5) ```

travel of the accessory nerve (CN XI)

emerges from jugular foramen of skull to run diagonally through the triangle deep to investing fascia

the accessory nerve (CN XI) supples

Sternoclavomastoid and trapezius mm

travel of the phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

Descends vertically along anterior scalene m, crossed anteriorly by transverse cervical artery and suprascapular a, enters throrax between subclavian v & a. travels along pericardial sac

the phrenic nerve supplies

the diaphram

The external jugular vein drains into

subclavian vein

the transverse cervical artery arises from

thyrocervical trunk

the suprascapular a arises from

thyrocervical trunk

Deep muscles of the posterior triangle

splenius capitis levator scapulae 3 scalene mm omohyoid m (inferior belly)

action of spenius captitis m

extend and laterally rotate head and neck

innervation of splenius capitis m

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

action of levator scapulae m

elevate scapula

innervation of levator scapulae m

Dorsal scapular n (C5)

3 scalene muscles

anterior, middle, and posterior

action of the 3 scalene muscles

Tilt neck laterally

Innervation of the 3 scalene muscles

Ventral rami C3-C8 nn

where the interscalene triangle is found

between the anterior and middle scalene msucles and 1st ribdeep to posterior cervical triangle

what does the interscalene triangle transmit

brachial plexus nerves and subclavian artery

Subclavian v and anterior scalene muscels

subclavian vein passes anterior to scalene muscles