gross brain, meninges, dural sinuses and cranial fossae Flashcards
roll of brain
stimulartes movement
Maintains homeostatis
produce thought
what does the central sulcus separate
between frontal and parietal lobes
what does the parieto-occipital sulcus separate
between parietal and occipital lobes
what does the lateral fissure/sulcus separate
temporal and frontal lobes
what does the longitudinal fissure separate
between 2 cerebral hemispheres
what does the parieto-occipital sulcus separate
the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe
what fibers connect the cerebral hemispheres
corpus callosum
what is the relay station for all sense except olfaction
thalamus
what is the center for autonomic and endocrine function
hypothalamus
what is the master gland for homeostasis
pituitary gland
what is the center for sleep-wake cycles
pineal gland
what is the nuclei related to emotions
mammillary bodies
which cranial nerve comes from the dorsal part of the brainstem
trochlear
what type of nerons are olfactory nerons
bipolar
what does CN III come out from betwen
posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar
what does CN III come out from betwen
posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar
where does the abducens Nerve leave brainstem
at the ponto-medullary juntion
what comes off the bassillar artery
anterior inferior cerebellar artery labyrinthine artery pontine artery superior cebellar arteries posterior cebellar arteries
what comes off the vertebral artery
the posterior inferior cebellar artery
anterior spinal artery
posterior spinal arteries
2 main sources of blood to the brain
Internal Carotid Arterial system
Vertebrobasilar arterial system
what is the anastomosis of the internal carotid and vertbrobasilar arterial systems
the circle of willis
travel of the internal carotid artery to enter the cranial cavity
ascends neck to base of skull enters carotid canal and makes a 90 degree turn ascends superior through foramen lacerum enters the cavernous sinus into cranial cavity
what does the internal carotid artery supply
the anterior and middle brain
travel of the vertebral artery
Ascends thru the transverse formina of C6 and above
makes 90 degree turn
enters foramen magnum
joins opposite vertebral artery to make basilar artery
what does the vertebral artery supply
posterior brain
arteries that make the circle of willis
anterior communicating artery anterior cerebral arteries internal carotid arteries Posterior communicating arteries posterior cerebral arteries
branches of the internal carotid aryery
ophthalmis aa (eyes) middle and anterior cerbral arteries
what does the internal carotid artery anastomose with
posterior communicating arteries
what does the internal carotid artery supply
anterior and middle brain.
what does the anterior cerebral aa supply
supply anterior and medial cerebrum
what does the middle cerebral aa supply
anterior and lateral cerbrum
what does the posterior cerebral aa supply
posterior and inferior cerebrum
what does the superior cerebellar arteries supply
supply supr cerebellum
what does the anterior inferior cerebellar aa supply
anterior and inferior cerebellum
what does the posterior inferior cerebellar aa supply
posterior and inferior cerebellum
bones of the anterior cranial fossa
frontal ethmoid lesser wing of sphenoid anterior clinoid processes of sphenoid body of sphenoid
what nerve is found in the naterior cranial fossa
CN I (olfactory N)
what does the olfactory bulb lay on
the cribiform plate
what makes up the middle cranial fossa
the sphenoid
the temporal bone
the pariental bone
fossa of the middle cranial fossa
superior orbital fissure optic canal foramen rotundum foramen ovale foramen spinosum carotid canal foramen lacerum
what coveres foramen lacerum
a cartilagenous plug
what is found in the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone body
the pituitary
foman assocaited with the posterior cranial fossa
foramen magnum
hypopglossal canal
jugular foramen
bones of the posterior cranial fossa
temporal
parietal
occipital
what passes through foramen magnum
spinal cord, vertebral arteries
accessory nerve enters skull
what passes through the jugular foramen
CN IX, X, and XI exits
intenral jugular vein
layers of the dura mater
periosteal
menengial layer
what is between the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer of the dura
sinuses
is the dura mater vascularized
yes
the big artery that supplies the dura
middle meningeal artery
also ethmoid artery branhces, occipital aryery branches and vertebral artery branches
what does the middle meningeal artery travel through
foramen spinosum
where does the middle meningeal vessels travel
between the dura layers
parts of the middle meningeal arteries
frontal and parietal
what does the frontal branch of the middle meningeal artery lie beneith
the pteryon
what does tearing of the middle meningeal artery lead to
epidural (extradural) hematoma (bleeding between dura and skull)
a hematoma from the middle meningeal artery leads to
exerting fatal pressure on the brain
is the brain innervated
no, but the dura is
what supplies innervation of the dura
CN V1 (frontal and tentoral cerebelli) CN V2 (frontal and middle) CN V3(frontal, middle, and posterior dura on the lateral surface) Cervical branches (posterior cranial fossa
what drains into the dural venous sinuses
Emissary vein(tranvserse entire skull) and diploic vein(brain from the bone) Cerebral veins (neural tissue)
what direction do dural venous sinuses drain
anterior to posterior
most superior dural sinuse
superior sagital sinus
what does the superior sagital sinus drain into
confluence of sinuses
sinus fod at the inferior portion of the falx cerebri
inferior sagital sinus
what does the inferior sagital sinus drain to
straight sinus then confluence of sinuses
what does the confluence of sinuses drain into
the R and L transverse sinus then sigmoid sinus then internal jugular vein
what drains into the cavernous sinus
opthalmic vein
where are the vacernous sinuses found
lateral to the pituitary
what sinus drains the parietal and temporal lobes
intercavernous sinuses, then cavernous sinus, the superior petrosal sinus along petrus ridge, then sigmoid sinus, and out via the internal jugular vein
dural venous sinuses have valves
no
what passes through the cavernous sinus
internal carotid a and CN VI
what is found in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus
CN III, IV, V1 and V2
if the cavernous sinus is injured or infected, what can also be affected
ICA or CN’s
Breaking of ICA when the skull base fractures leads to
arteriovenous fistula
what covers the cerbral veins
the arachnoid mater
veins from the cerebral veins that drain into the superior sagital sinus
bridging veins
the thin non-vascular membrane loosely surrounding the brain
arachnoid mater
what does the arachnoic mater cover
all fissures and sulci of brain
roll of the CFS
acts as a shock absorber by forming a fluid cushion over gyri and sulci (also nutrients)
what is found in the subarachnoid space
cerebral and cerebellar blood vessels, CSF
what allows the CSF to be absorbed into the superior sagital sinus
arachnoid granulations
what makes CSF
choroid plexus in lateral ventricles and roof of 3rd, and floor of 4th
what crosses the pia mater
vesels that supply the brain