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Anatomy exam 5 > development of face and nose > Flashcards

development of face and nose Flashcards

1
Q

time ranges for development of the face, nose, and palate

A

4-10 weeks

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2
Q

Facial development at week 4

A

pharyngeal arches appear
Formation of maxillary and mandibular processes
Buccopharyngeal membrane breaks down

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3
Q

the primitive mouth, the opening in the center of the developing facial primordia

A

stymodium

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4
Q

facial development during weeks 5-6

A

Nasal placode invaginates to form nasal pit
creation of medial and lateral nasal processes
nasal pits deepen to form nasal cavity

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5
Q

facial development during week 7

A

Facial swelling fuse to create the rudiment of the face

secondary palate is formed

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6
Q

facial development duing week 10

A 
fetal development
Cranium expands
ears move superior
eyes move medial
nose becomes prominent
facial proportions normalize (teeth and paranasal sinuses)
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7
Q

what do the 5 facial primordia develop as

A

bulging prominences around the stomodeum

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8
Q

location of the frontonasal prominence

A

rostral to stomodeum

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9
Q

location of the maxillary prominences

A

lateral to stomodeum

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10
Q

location of the mandiular prominences

A

caudal to stomodeum

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11
Q

when do most facial features become established

A

weeks 4-8

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12
Q

why does the cranium begin to expand

A

to accompany the growing brain

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13
Q

how does cranial expansion affect the eyes

A

begin to shift anteriorly and medially

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14
Q

travel of the ears

A

move superiorly

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15
Q

how does the facial skeleton compare in size to the rest of the skull at first

A

appears small

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16
Q

what allows for the facial skeleton to become normal sized in comparison to the rest of the cranium

A

maxilla and mandible grow to allow space for teeth

acquisition of paranasal sinuses

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17
Q

the 2 ectodermal thickenings formed at the end of week for that develop within the frontonasal prominence

A

nasal placodes

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18
Q

what forms the elevations of the nose

A

mesenchyme surrounding the placodes proliferate

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19
Q

what are the nasal prominences

A

2 medial nasal prominences

2 lateral nasal prominences

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20
Q

A specific thickening of the ectoderm

A

Placode

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21
Q

how the nasal pit is formed

A

the nasal placode thickens then invaginates

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22
Q

what happens to the medial nasal prominences

A

eventually fuse and develop into recognizable structures

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23
Q

when does the first ossification centers form

A

about 10 weeks into development

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24
Q

when nasal pits become prominent

A

week 5

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25
Q

how are the nasal pits formed

A

epithelium of nasal placodes sink down into underlying mesenchym to form depressions

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26
Q

what forms the future nostrils (nares)

A

nasal pits

27
Q

what aids in the sinking appearance of the nasal pits

A

surrounding elevations of the nasal prominences

28
Q

NAsal sacs will form what

A

Right and Left nasal cavities

29
Q

what separates nasal cavities from the oral cavity

A

Oronasal membrane

30
Q

when does the oronasal membrane rupture

A

at the end of week 6

31
Q

what allows the nasal and oral cavities to communicate with one another

A

primordial choanae

32
Q

what embryonic germ layer forms the nasal cavity

33
Q

where is the primordial choanae

A

posterior to the primary palate

34
Q

what does development of the secondary palate establish

A

the definitive choanae

35
Q

the definitive choanae separates

A

nasal cavities from the nasopharynx

36
Q

while the nasal cavities develop, what also develops

A

the olfactory epithelium

37
Q

what does the nasal conchae develop from

A

lateral walls of the nasal cavity

38
Q

does the connection between the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulk form before or after the the ossification of the skull

A

before the skull becomes ossified

39
Q

whitch prominence fuses first at the midline

A

the mandibular prominence (day 28)

40
Q

travel/growth of the maxillary prominence after the fusion of the mandibular prominence

A

grows, moves medially, compressing medial nasal prominences in the midline

41
Q

The cleft between the lateral nasal prominences and the maxillary prominences

A

nasolacrimal groove

42
Q

when is the nasolacrimal groove lost

A

when the lateral nasal prominences fuse with the maxillary prominences

43
Q

how is the nasolacrimal duct formed

A

ectoderm proliferates into underlying mesenchym and forms a solid rod that separates from surface and canalizes

44
Q

what forms the nasolacrimal sac

A

the dilation of the superior end of the nasolacrimal duct

45
Q

where does the nasolacrimal duct open to

A

inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

46
Q

what forms the intermaxillary segment

A

the fusion of the 2 medial nasal prominences

47
Q

The intermaxillary segment ultimately forms:

A

philtrum of upper lip
Premxaillary part of maxilla
Primary palate

48
Q

the most anterior portion of the hard palate

A

primary palate

49
Q

what does the premaxillary part of maxilla give rise to

A

4 incisors and associated gingiva

50
Q

fusion of the palate travel

A

starts anterior and goes posterior

51
Q

what makes up the secondary palate

A

remainder of hard palate + soft palate + uvula

52
Q

formation of the secondary palate

A

two plates of mesenchym called the lateral palatine processes extend medially from the maxillary prominences
project inferiomedially, swing up to assume horizontal position, fuse with each other and primary palate and nasal septum

53
Q

why does the secondary palate form inferiorly then move posteriorly

A

the tongue is in the way originally, but as the oral cavity grows, the tongue can move down, out of the way for the lateral palatine processes to fuse together at the midline

54
Q

what problems occure if you have a small mouth

A

tongue can’t get out of the way so often have secondary palate problems

55
Q

what marks where the secondary palate fuses with the primary palate

A

incisive foramen

56
Q

what defects are indicated using the incisive foramen

A

anterior and posterior palatal defects

57
Q

what marks where the lateral palatine processes fuse together

A

median palatine raphe

58
Q

what forms the hard palate

A

the primary palate and the anterior portion of the secondary palate

59
Q

what forms the soft palate and uvula

A

the posterior portion of the secondary palate that fails to ossify

60
Q

an anterior palatal defect caused by a failure of medial nasal prominences to fuse with maxillary prominences on 1 or both sides

A

Cleft lip (may or man not have cleft palate too)

61
Q

failure of the maxillary prominence on one side to fuse with merged medial nasal prominences

A

Unilateral cleft lip and palate

62
Q

Failure of maxillary prominences on both side to fuse with merged medial nasal prominences

A

Bilaterial cleft lip & palate

63
Q

Separation of the secondary palate all the way to the bifid uvula is a result of

A

small mouth, tongue doesn’t get out of the way

Anatomy exam 5 (18 decks)

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