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Anatomy exam 5 > skull face and scalp > Flashcards

skull face and scalp Flashcards

1
Q

the viscerocranium protects

A

facial bones to protect airway

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2
Q

the importance of the pteryon

A

easily broken because middle meningeal artery is there

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3
Q

foramen that line up on the skull

A

mental, supraorbital, infraoribital

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4
Q

bones of the face

A 
nasal (2)
Maxilla (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Mandible
Lacrimal (2)
Vomer
Inferior nasal conchae (2)
Palatine (2)
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5
Q

teeth processes for maxilla and mandible

A

alveolar processes

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6
Q

foramen of the mandible

A

mental foramen

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7
Q

foramen of the maxillae

A

infraorbital foramina

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8
Q

the valley between the condyl and the coronoid process of the mandible

A

mandibular notch

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9
Q

opening on the infernal surface of the ramus of the mandible

A

mandibular foramen

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10
Q

what passes through the mandibular foramen

A

mandibular nerve and b.v.

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11
Q

the grove that appears after the mandibular foramen

A

mylohyoid groove

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12
Q

a small projection of bone on the posterior aspec of the mandible in the midline for attachment of the geniohyoid and genioglossus

A

mental spine

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13
Q

boundries of the orbit

A 
Frontal bone- roof
zygonmatic bone- lat wall
maxilla - floor and part of medial wall
lacrimal and ethmoid - medial wall
sphenoid- posterior wall
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14
Q

where is the supraoribital foramen

A

in the superciliary arch

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15
Q

where is the optic canal

A

in the medial wall

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16
Q

where is the superior orbital fissure

A

in the medial wall

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17
Q

where is the inferior orbital fissure

A

in the floor

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18
Q

the lacrimal groove communicates with what

A

the nasal cavity

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19
Q

projection of the lat wall of the nasal cavity

A

nasal conchae

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20
Q

what bone has the superior nasal conchae

A

ethmoid

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21
Q

what bone has the middle nasal conchae

A

ethmoid

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22
Q

what bone has the inferior nasal conchae

A

separate bones

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23
Q

role of the paranasal sinuses

A

bone lightening

resonance to voice

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24
Q

what lines paranasal sinuses

A

mucousal membranes

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25
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses continuous with

A

nasal cavity

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26
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

frontal
ethmoid air cells
sphenoid
mmaxillary

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27
Q

amount of ethmoid paranasl sinuses

A

3-14

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28
Q

what nerve does the cribiform plate transmit

A

olfactory nerve (CNI)

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29
Q

what does the optic canal transmit

A

optic Nerve (CN II), ophthalmic a

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30
Q

what does the superior orbital fissure transmit

A

CN III, CN IV, CN VI, ophthalmic (CN V1)

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31
Q

what does the foramen rotundum transmit

A

maxillary n (CN V2)

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32
Q

what does the foramen ovale transmit

A

mandibular n (CN V3)

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33
Q

what does the foramen spinosum transmit

A

middle meningeal a

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34
Q

what does the foramen lacerum transmit

A

infernal carotid a

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35
Q

what does the jugular foramen transmit

A

internal jugular vein, CN IX, CN X, CN XI

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36
Q

what does the internal acoustic foramen transmit

A

CN VII, CN VIII

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37
Q

what does the stylomastoid foramen transmit

A

CN VII

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38
Q

what does the hypoglossal canal transmit

A

CN XII

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39
Q

what does foramen magnum transmit

A

Vertebral arteries, spinal cord and CN XI

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40
Q

what does the carotid canal transmit

A

internal carotid a

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41
Q

Scalp covers from

A

supraorbital rim of eye to external occipital protuberance

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42
Q

layers of the scalp

A 
skin
connective tissue (Dense)
aponerotic layer
loose connective
pericranium
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43
Q

what fills the dense connective tissue layer of the scalp

A

nerves and vessels

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44
Q

a superficial wound to the dense connective tissue layer of scalp leads to

A

high bleeding that can cause death

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45
Q

deep wounds to apponeurosis layer leads to

A

a large gape

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46
Q

superfical temporal artery branches from

A

external carotid

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47
Q

posterior auricular artery branches from

A

external carotid

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48
Q

occiptial artery branches from

A

external carotid

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49
Q

supratrochlear and supraorbital branches from

A

opthalmic artery through the eye (branch of internal carotid

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50
Q

the danger space of the scalp

A

loose areolar tissue

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51
Q

why is the loose areolar tissue danger space

A

infections travel easily (into cranial cavity through emissary veins, through the calvaria to meninges
fluid can move anterior to eyelids and root of nose

52
Q

how emmisary veins travel through the skull

A

caniculi

53
Q

action of the occipitofrontalis m

A

moves scalp back and forward

54
Q

action of the 3 auricularis mm

A

protract, elevate, & retract ears

55
Q

what consists of the occipitofrontalis m

A

occipitalis m.
galea aponeurotica
frontalis m

56
Q

muscles of facial expression attach to what eye

A

bone or fascia and insert on the skin

57
Q

action of the muscles of facial expression

A

pull on skin

surround orifices of the face (mouth, eyes, nose) to act as sphincters and dilators

58
Q

action of frontalis

A

raise eyebrow

59
Q

action of corrugator supercilii

A

draws eyebrow in

60
Q

action of orbicularis oculi

A

close eye

61
Q

the part of the orbicularis oculi that covers the eye lid

A

palpebral

62
Q

action of procerus

A

wrinkles bridge of nose

63
Q

action of nasalis

A

compresses and dilates nostril

64
Q

action of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

dilates nostril

65
Q

action of the orbiceriorisularis oris

A

closes mouth

66
Q

action of the levator labii supioris

A

elevate upper lip

67
Q

action of zygomaticus major/minor

A

draws mouth up

68
Q

action of depressor anguli oris

A

depresses angle of mouth

69
Q

action of risorius

A

retract the corner of the mouth

70
Q

action of mentalis

A

protrudes lower lip

71
Q

action of buccinator

A

compresses cheek and assists with mastication

72
Q

action of levator anguli oris

A

elevate angle of the mouth

73
Q

action of depressor labii inferioris

A

depresses lower lip

74
Q

deep muscles of the mouth

A

buccinator, levator anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris

75
Q

what covers buccinator

A

buccal fat pad

76
Q

action of temporalis

A

elevate and retract mandible

77
Q

action of masseter

A

elevate and clenches mandible

78
Q

action of medial pterygoid

A

elevate, protract, and rotates mandible

79
Q

action of lateral pterygoid

A

protrudes & rotates mandible; opens mouth

80
Q

inferior lateral pterygoid head inserts between

A

superficial and deep medial pterygoid heads

81
Q

what provides sensory to the face and scalp

A

trigeminal (CN V)

82
Q

what provides sensory to the back head, ears, and jaw

A

cervical

83
Q

what provides motor the muscles of facial expression

A

facial CN VII

84
Q

what provides motor to the muscles of mastication

A

mandibular CN V3

85
Q

what provides sensory innervation to jaws, ears, posterior scalp

A

cervical n (C2,3)

86
Q

how far does the sensory from CN V1 go

A

all the way down the nose to the very tip, and superior to palpebral fissure

87
Q

what separates CN V2 and CN V3

A

oral fissure

88
Q

location of the parotid gland

A

anterior/inferior to ear

89
Q

role of the parotid (Stensen’s) Duct

A

transmits saliva from gland

90
Q

travel of parotid (Stensen’s) Duct

A

crosses masseter 1-2 cm below zygomatic arch

turn 90 degrees to pierce buccinator m

91
Q

where does the parotid (stensen’s) duct open

A

into oral cavity opposite 2nd molar

marked by elevated parotid papilla

92
Q

calculus formation in the parotid gland is associated with

A

chronic parotiditis

93
Q

most common gland to get calculus formation

A

submandibular

94
Q

salivary fistulas of parotid gland result from

A

a duct like thing made due to surgery that usually close, but may not

95
Q

what percentage of mixed tumors involve parotid

A

85-90%

96
Q

Gustatory sweating

A

Frey’s syndrom

97
Q

b/c the facial n (CN VII) passes through the parotid gland, what dangers may occure

A

nerve in danger during parotidectomy

must watch for branches when removing a tumor

98
Q

Damage to facial nerve may result in

A

paralysis of facial mm on affected side

99
Q

branches of the facial nerve

A 
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular 
cervical
posterior auricular
(To zandibar by motor car) (People)
100
Q

where might the facial nerve b/c inflamed

A

at stylomastoid farmen

Edema and compression of nerve in facial canal

101
Q

the most common non-traumatic cause of facial paralysis

A

bell’s palsy

102
Q

location of the buccal fat pad

A

anterior of the masseter m

103
Q

what does the buccal fat pad protect

A

parotid duct and CN VII (buccal branch)

104
Q

the motor and sensory nerves of the buccinator muscle

A

Motor: buccal branch of CN VII
Sensory: Buccal branch of trigeminal nerve (long buccal nerve)
-to buccal mucosa and skin of cheek

105
Q

the superficial temporal artery is a branch of

A

external carotid a

106
Q

the superficial temporal vein drains to

A

retromandibular vein

107
Q

travel of the superficial temporal artery and vein

A

anterior to ear to go to temporal region, through the parotid gland, traveling with the auriculotemporal n

108
Q

transvers facial artery and vein branch off

A

superficial temporal vessesl

109
Q

travel of the transverse facial artery and vein

A

cross masseter m between zygomatic arch and parotid duct

110
Q

what does the transverse facial artery and vein supply

A

blood to upper cheek region (parotid gland, duct and masseter m)

111
Q

relation of facial artery and vein to one another

A

artery is tortuous and anaterior to vein

112
Q

travel of facial artery and vein

A

cross mandible at the anterior border of the massseter

113
Q

what can be felt from the facial artery

A

pulse

114
Q

branches of the facial artery and vein at the angle of the mouth

A

inferior and superior labial branches to the lips

continue to medial angle of eye to angular artery and vein

115
Q

what drains into internal jugular

A 
superior thyroid
retromandibular
facial
angular
pterygoid plexus (deep temporal vv)
116
Q

what drains into the external jugular vein

A 
retromandibular v
occipital v
posterior auricular v
superficial temporal
maxillary
anterior jugular
pterygoid plexus
117
Q

lymphatic drainage ipsa or contra lateral

A

ipsilateral

118
Q

drainage of lymphatics of neck

A

medial to lateral
Inferiorly
superfical to deep

119
Q

ultimately where do lymphatics drain

A

right lymphatic duct

thoracic duct

120
Q

lymph nodes of the mandibule

A

submental
submandibular
pre-auricular and parotid

121
Q

top lymph node of the deep cervicals

A

jugulodigastric node (large)

122
Q

most inferior node of the deep cervicals

A

jululo-omohyoid node

123
Q

where deep cervical nodes are found

A

along the internal jugular vein

124
Q

where nodes may cross midline if at all

A

submental
prelaryngeal
pretracheal

125
Q

where may lymphatics flow inferior to superior in the neck

A

near the thyroid gland

Anatomy exam 5 (18 decks)

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