The Nervous System Flashcards
What are the 3 steps of communication by neurons?
Input, integration, output
What is a neuron?
Sends and receives messages set by an electric impulse, communication in the body to move
What is the CNS?
Controls spinal cord and brain, integration
What is the PNS?
Neurons that carry input in and out of the CNS
Refractory period
When Na pumps are closed
Resting potential
Neurons have energy but are waiting for electrical impulse, some K channels are open, lots of Na channels are closed
Types of neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, GAVA, glutamata, endorphins
Serotonin and dopamine
When not enough, cause depression because not enough of them coming across synapse
Anti-depressants
Prevent neurotransmitters from being reabsorbed or eaten by enzymes
Why is dopamine used as a drug?
Too much of it can make a person high or overly happy by inhibiting channels and enzymes
2 types of PNS
Autonomic NS (involuntary) and motor NS(voluntary)
2 types of autonomic NS
Sympathetic (body at rest, normal heart rate) and parasympathetic (increasing heart rate and breathing, being scared)
How do we learn/think?
Learning- grew a synapse
Thinking- connecting synapses by neurotransmitters
Memory- connecting old synapse
Where is myelin made?
PNS- Schwann cells
CNS- oligodendrocyte
Why can’t messages go faster in people with multiple sclerosis?
Autoimmune disease attacks myelin sheaths so message can’t go fast
Brain
Receives signals from PNS, interprets them, sends output signals
Gray and white matter
White- neurons that have myelin
Gray- opposite
Spinal cord
Reflexes, damage can be done so that ur paralyzed because motor neurons are here from the brain
Cerebralspinal fluid
Cushioning, storing nutrition, insulating, removing waste, has hormones
Midbrain
Part of brain stem, involuntary actions
Thalamus
Main input center for sensory info going to the cerebral correx
Hypothalamus
Regulating hormones/homeostasis
Cerebral cortex
Processing and thinking, connecting synapses
Cerebellum
Hand/eye coordination, movement and balance, appetite, motivation, sleeping
Amygdala and Hippocampus
Emotions
Brainstem
Involuntary movements, homeostasis, contains medulla which controls breathing by pH levels
