Evolution Flashcards
What is genomics?
the study of an entire organism’s genome
What is a genome?
the whole set of an organism’s genes
What is bioinformatics?
the study of the information in life (DNA)
What was the Human Genome Project and what was its purpose?
genome organized from 1990-2003
- relativeness between species
- ancestory
What is DNA sequencing?
determining the sequence of nucleotides (base pairs)
What is Darwin’s book and what were his two pillars in it?
On the Origin of Species by means of natural selection
- descent with modification from a common ancestor (macroevolution)
- natural selection is the mechanism for this (microevolution)
What is microevolution?
changes in allele frequencies in a population over time
What are allele frequencies?
how many times an allele appears in a population
What is an allele?
gene pair
Who developed the theory of use and disuse and what does it say?
parent giraffes stretched their neck out to reach the leaves then passes on stretched out neck to offspring but this is an acquired trait
Lamarck
What is natural selection?
process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits
What are the 2 exceptions of natural selection/
- cannot create anything new, selects existing traits
- does not occur in individuals, only populations
What are 4 sources of individual genetic variation?
- mutations- point mutations
- changes in gene location- duplications, inversions, and translocations
- rapid reproduction in prokaryotes- resistance to antibiotics
- random fertilization in eukaryotes- also gamete formation/crossing over and independent assortment
What is a population?
a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area, interbreed, and produce fertile offspring
3 types of changes in allelic frequencies
- natural selection- drought, color of habitat, color of organisms attracting predators
- genetic drift- random chance event cause a change in frequencies, lava, smaller population=more deviation
- gene flow- transfer of alleles between populations, animals migrating in and out of population (beetles and log)