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Biology > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The nervous system is divided into two parts name these two parts

A

1) Central nervous system (CNS) = Brain + Spinal Cord

2) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) = Nerves running to/ from the CNS

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2
Q

What is the nerve cells area also known as?

A

Neurons

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3
Q

What are the three types of neurons

A

1) sensory
2) Motor
3) Interneurons

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4
Q

What do sensory neurons do

A

They take messages to the CNS

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5
Q

What do motor neuron do

A

They take messages from the CNS

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6
Q

What do interneurons do

A

They connect motor and sensory neurons in the CNS

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7
Q

What is the pathway of a nerve impulse

A 
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Interneuron
Motor neuron
Effector
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8
Q

Definition of a stimulus

A

A change in the environment

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9
Q

What is a receptor

A

It detects the stimulus (eg a hot object)

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10
Q

What is an effector

A

It carries out the response (eg pulling hand away from hot object)

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11
Q

What is the pathway of nerve impulses along a neuron

A

Dendrite
Cell Body
Axon
Neurotransmitter vesicle

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12
Q

What is the function of a dendrite

A

Carries impulses (messages) to the cell body

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13
Q

What is the function of an Axon

A

Carries nerve impulses away from the cell body

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14
Q

What is the function of Schwann Cells

A

Makes myelin

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15
Q

What is the function of myelin

A

Insulated the axon and speeds up the transmission of the electrical impulse

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16
Q

What produces neurotransmitters

A

The cell body

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17
Q

What is the function of neurotransmitters (swellings) (or synaptic knobs)

A

Release the neurotransmitter (chemical)

18
Q

What are impulses

A

They are waves of electrical charge (ions) sling the neuron

19
Q

What is the threshold

A

It is the minimum stimulus needed for an impulse to travel

20
Q

What is the ‘All or Nothing’ Law

A
  • If the threshold is reached, an impulse travels

- If the threshold is not reached, no impulse travels

21
Q

What is the function of the Myelin Sheath

A

It insulates and therefore speeds up an impulse

22
Q

What do impulses cause

A

They cause the release of neurotransmitters that carry the signal to the next neuron

23
Q

Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

A

Shaking limbs and a rigid body

24
Q

Cause of Parkinson’s

A

A lack of dopamine in the brain

25
Q

Prevention of Parkinson’s

A

Cannot be prevented

26
Q

Treatment of Parkinson’s

A

Drugs and physio therapy

27
Q

What is a synapse

A

It is where two neurons meet

28
Q

What is the role of a synapse

A

It controls the direction of impulses

29
Q

Function of cerebrum

A

“Forebrain”: memory/ learning/ intelligence/ language/ vision/ smell/ hearing/ taste

30
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A

“Hind brain”: movement/ balance

31
Q

Function of the medulla oblongata

A

Controls breathing/ heart rate

32
Q

Function of the hypothalamus

A

Controls temperature and salt-water balance (osmoregulation)

33
Q

Function of the pituitary gland

A

Produces hormones- “the master” endocrine gland

34
Q

Function of the mengines

A

3 layers for protection

35
Q

Function of the spinal cord

A

1) carries impulses to and from the brain

2) controls many reflex actions

36
Q

What is a reflex action

A

A reflex action is an automatic response to a stimulus

37
Q

Examples of reflex actions

A 
Blinking
Sneezing
Letting go of a hot plate
Change in size of pupil
Closure of the epiglottis after swallowing
38
Q

How do drugs affect the nervous system

A

1) cause more/ less neurotransmitter to be released by vesicles
2) speed up/ slow down the breakdown of neurotransmitter by enzymes

39
Q

How do pain killers work?

A

Impulses are blocked completely

40
Q

What does the grey matter contain in the spinal cord

A

Many cell bodies

41
Q

What does the white matter contain in the spinal cord

A

Many axons and dendrites (and dew cell bodies)

Biology (24 decks)

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