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Biology > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a enzyme

A

An enzyme is a catalyst made of protein produced by living cells

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2
Q

Definition of metabolism

A

Metabolism means all the chemical reactions that take place in an organism

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3
Q

Two types of metabolism

A

Anabolism and catabolism

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4
Q

What is anabolism

A

Anabolism is the building up of a larger chemical substance from other smaller substances
Energy is required

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5
Q

What is Catabolism

A

It is the breaking down of a larger chemical substance into smaller substances
Energy is produced

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6
Q

What is the function of an enzyme

A

Enzymes speed up these metabolic reactions in cells

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7
Q

What are the elements of enzymes

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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8
Q

What are enzymes made by

A

Ribosomes

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9
Q

How are enzymes denatured

A

1) High temperature

2) extreme pH

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10
Q

How would you describe the shape of an enzyme

A

Folded

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11
Q

What is a substrate

A

The substrate is the substance that the enzyme reacts with (“acts on”)

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12
Q

What is the active site

A

The active site is the part of the enzyme that joins to substrate

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13
Q

What does it mean by enzymes are “specific “

A

Specific means that every enzyme can only join up with one unique substrate

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14
Q

What is the optimum temperature in which human enzymes work

A

37°C

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15
Q

What is the optimum temperature in which plant enzymes

A

25°C

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16
Q

What does denatured mean

A

The enzyme is said to be denatured when the active site of the enzyme changes shape and enzyme cannot function

17
Q

What is the optimum pH level of amylase

A

8

18
Q

What is the optimum pH of Pepsin

A

1

19
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

20
Q

What is ATP made up of

A

1) a base called adenine
2) a sugar with the five carbon atoms called ribose
3) three phosphate groups

21
Q

Why is ATP considered a high energy molecule

A

ATP contains high energy bonds between the phosphate

22
Q

What is ADP

A

Adenosine diphosphate

23
Q

How many phosphates does ATP have

A

2

24
Q

How does ADP become ATP

A

ADP + 1 phosphate + energy = ATP

25
Q

When does ADP become ATP

A

During respiration and photosynthesis

26
Q

What is the role of ATP

A

1) carries energy within the cell

2) Supplies energy (releases it) when it is needed for chemical reactions

27
Q

What is NADPH?

A

Is a high Energy molecule formed from NADP

28
Q

What is the role of NADPH

A

It carries electrons hydrogen and energy

And is used in photosynthesis to form glucose

Biology (24 decks)

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