Enzymes Flashcards
What is a enzyme
An enzyme is a catalyst made of protein produced by living cells
Definition of metabolism
Metabolism means all the chemical reactions that take place in an organism
Two types of metabolism
Anabolism and catabolism
What is anabolism
Anabolism is the building up of a larger chemical substance from other smaller substances
Energy is required
What is Catabolism
It is the breaking down of a larger chemical substance into smaller substances
Energy is produced
What is the function of an enzyme
Enzymes speed up these metabolic reactions in cells
What are the elements of enzymes
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
What are enzymes made by
Ribosomes
How are enzymes denatured
1) High temperature
2) extreme pH
How would you describe the shape of an enzyme
Folded
What is a substrate
The substrate is the substance that the enzyme reacts with (“acts on”)
What is the active site
The active site is the part of the enzyme that joins to substrate
What does it mean by enzymes are “specific “
Specific means that every enzyme can only join up with one unique substrate
What is the optimum temperature in which human enzymes work
37°C
What is the optimum temperature in which plant enzymes
25°C
What does denatured mean
The enzyme is said to be denatured when the active site of the enzyme changes shape and enzyme cannot function
What is the optimum pH level of amylase
8
What is the optimum pH of Pepsin
1
What is ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP made up of
1) a base called adenine
2) a sugar with the five carbon atoms called ribose
3) three phosphate groups
Why is ATP considered a high energy molecule
ATP contains high energy bonds between the phosphate
What is ADP
Adenosine diphosphate
How many phosphates does ATP have
2
How does ADP become ATP
ADP + 1 phosphate + energy = ATP
