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Biology > The Musculo-Skeletal System > Flashcards

The Musculo-Skeletal System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of the musculoskeletal system

A
  • Makes red and white blood cells
  • Allows movement
  • Protects internal organs
  • Supports (holds up) the body
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2
Q

Where are red and white blood cells made?

A

Bone marrow

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3
Q

Two parts of the skeleton

A
  • Axial Skeleton

* Appendicular Skeleton

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4
Q

What makes up the Axial Skeleton

A

Skull, Ribs, Sternum (breastbone) & Vertebrae (backbones)

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5
Q

What makes up the appendicular Skeleton?

A

Pectoral and pelvic girdles, and their attached limbs

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6
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there

A

12 pairs

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7
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

33 bones

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8
Q

Name the vertebrae

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx

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9
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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10
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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11
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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12
Q

How many sacrum vertebrae are there?

A

5 fused

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13
Q

How many bones are in your coccyx?

A

4 fused

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14
Q

What joins bones to bones?

A

Ligaments

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15
Q

What joins bones to muscles?

A

Tendons

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16
Q

What lubricates joins?

A

Synovial fluid

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17
Q

What absorbs shock in a joint?

A

Cartilage

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18
Q

What pulls on bones in a joint?

A

Muscles

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19
Q

The biceps and triceps are an example of…..

A

An antagonistic pair

20
Q

Name a bone disorder

A

Arthritis

21
Q

Symptoms of a named bone disorder

A

Pain and Swelling

22
Q

Possible causes of a named bone disorder

A

Wear and tear (damage) of cartilage

23
Q

Prevention of a named bone disorder

A

Don’t put bones (joints) under too much stress during exercise

24
Q

Treatment for a named bone disorder

A

Surgery- replacement with an artificial joint eg. Hip

25
Q

Joint in the elbow

A

Hinge joint

26
Q

Joint in the shoulder

A

Ball and Socket

27
Q

Joint in the neck

A

Pivot

28
Q

Joint in the skull

A

Fused

29
Q

Joint in the wrist/ankle

A

Gliding

30
Q

A long bone consists of…

A
  • Compact bone
  • Spongy bone
  • Medullar Cavity
  • Cartilage
31
Q

What is the compact bone?

A

The hard outer part- provides strength

32
Q

What is the spongy bone?

A

Contains hollow spaces filled with red bone marrow

33
Q

What is the medullar cavity?

A

Filled with yellow bone marrow- stores fat

34
Q

What is the cartilage?

A

Found at the ends of bones (at joints) -it reduces friction (acts as a shock absorber)

35
Q

What is the structure of the cranium

A

Made up of fused bones (22 in total)

36
Q

Function of the cranium

A

Protect the organs:
Eyes
Ears
Brain

37
Q

What is the structure of the vertebral column

A

Made up of 33 vertebrae

38
Q

What are intervertebral discs made of

A

Cartilage

39
Q

Function of intervertebral discs

A

Prevent friction by acting as shock absorbers

40
Q

Location and number of vertebrae

A 
Cervical (7) = Neck
Thoracic (12) = back of the chest
Lumbar (5) = “small of the back”
Sacral (5 fused) = hip
Coccyx (4 fused) = tail
41
Q

When does a “slipped disc” occur

A

It occurs when the cartilage disc pushes onto nerves in the spinal cord, causing pain

42
Q

Function of ribs

A

1) protect lungs and heart

2) aid breathing along with the diaphragm and inter coastal muscles

43
Q

Connective tissue consists of

A

Cartilage
Bones
Ligaments
Tendons

44
Q

Locations of Cartilage

A 
Pinna of the ear
In nose
Trachea
Covers the end of bones
Between vertebrae
45
Q

Composition of cartilage

A

Flexible collagen

Specialised cells

46
Q

Name a biomolecule in which vertebral discs are formed

A

Protein

Biology (24 decks)

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