The Musculo-Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

• Makes red and white blood cells
• Allows movement
• Protects internal organs
• Supports (holds up) the body

Question 2

Where are red and white blood cells made?

Answer 2

Bone marrow

Question 3

Two parts of the skeleton

Answer 3

• Axial Skeleton

* Appendicular Skeleton

Question 4

What makes up the Axial Skeleton

Answer 4

Skull, Ribs, Sternum (breastbone) & Vertebrae (backbones)

Question 5

What makes up the appendicular Skeleton?

Answer 5

Pectoral and pelvic girdles, and their attached limbs

Question 6

How many pairs of ribs are there

Answer 6

12 pairs

Question 7

How many vertebrae are there?

Answer 7

33 bones

Question 8

Name the vertebrae

Answer 8

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx

Question 9

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 9

7

Question 10

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 10

12

Question 11

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 11

5

Question 12

How many sacrum vertebrae are there?

Answer 12

5 fused

Question 13

How many bones are in your coccyx?

Answer 13

4 fused

Question 14

What joins bones to bones?

Answer 14

Ligaments

Question 15

What joins bones to muscles?

Answer 15

Tendons

Question 16

What lubricates joins?

Answer 16

Synovial fluid

Question 17

What absorbs shock in a joint?

Answer 17

Cartilage

Question 18

What pulls on bones in a joint?

Answer 18

Muscles

Question 19

The biceps and triceps are an example of…..

Answer 19

An antagonistic pair

Question 20

Name a bone disorder

Answer 20

Arthritis

Question 21

Symptoms of a named bone disorder

Answer 21

Pain and Swelling

Question 22

Possible causes of a named bone disorder

Answer 22

Wear and tear (damage) of cartilage

Question 23

Prevention of a named bone disorder

Answer 23

Don’t put bones (joints) under too much stress during exercise

Question 24

Treatment for a named bone disorder

Answer 24

Surgery- replacement with an artificial joint eg. Hip

Question 25

Joint in the elbow

Answer 25

Hinge joint

Question 26

Joint in the shoulder

Answer 26

Ball and Socket

Question 27

Joint in the neck

Answer 27

Pivot

Question 28

Joint in the skull

Answer 28

Fused

Question 29

Joint in the wrist/ankle

Answer 29

Gliding

Question 30

A long bone consists of...

Answer 30

* Compact bone * Spongy bone * Medullar Cavity * Cartilage

Question 31

What is the compact bone?

Answer 31

The hard outer part- provides strength

Question 32

What is the spongy bone?

Answer 32

Contains hollow spaces filled with red bone marrow

Question 33

What is the medullar cavity?

Answer 33

Filled with yellow bone marrow- stores fat

Question 34

What is the cartilage?

Answer 34

Found at the ends of bones (at joints) -it reduces friction (acts as a shock absorber)

Question 35

What is the structure of the cranium

Answer 35

Made up of fused bones (22 in total)

Question 36

Function of the cranium

Answer 36

Protect the organs: Eyes Ears Brain

Question 37

What is the structure of the vertebral column

Answer 37

Made up of 33 vertebrae

Question 38

What are intervertebral discs made of

Answer 38

Cartilage

Question 39

Function of intervertebral discs

Answer 39

Prevent friction by acting as shock absorbers

Question 40

Location and number of vertebrae

Answer 40

``` Cervical (7) = Neck Thoracic (12) = back of the chest Lumbar (5) = “small of the back” Sacral (5 fused) = hip Coccyx (4 fused) = tail ```

Question 41

When does a “slipped disc” occur

Answer 41

It occurs when the cartilage disc pushes onto nerves in the spinal cord, causing pain

Question 42

Function of ribs

Answer 42

1) protect lungs and heart | 2) aid breathing along with the diaphragm and inter coastal muscles

Question 43

Connective tissue consists of

Answer 43

Cartilage Bones Ligaments Tendons

Question 44

Locations of Cartilage

Answer 44

``` Pinna of the ear In nose Trachea Covers the end of bones Between vertebrae ```

Question 45

Composition of cartilage

Answer 45

Flexible collagen | Specialised cells

Question 46

Name a biomolecule in which vertebral discs are formed

Answer 46

Protein