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A + P 1 Before Midterm > The Muscular System > Flashcards

The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

How much of an adults body weight do muscles make up? What does it depend on?

A

40-50%

depends on % of fat, gender, exercise

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2
Q

How do muscles work? Why?

A

transform chemical energy into mechanical energy to generate force, perform work, and produce movement

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3
Q

What is a by product of muscle movement

A

heat

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4
Q

What is movement

A

movement out of anatomical postion

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5
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal
visceral
cardiac

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6
Q

What is skeletal muscle tissue

A

located on skeleton
moves bones
multinuceated and striated
voluntary

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7
Q

What is visceral muscle

A

organs, one nucleus, no striations, involuntary

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8
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

heart, pumps blood, one nucleus, striated, intercalated discs, involuntary

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9
Q

What are the functions of muscular tissue

A
  1. producing body movements
  2. stabilizing body positions
  3. storing and moving substances
  4. generating heat
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10
Q

What are the special properties of muscle tissue

A

electrical excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

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11
Q

How many skeletal muscles?

A

700

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12
Q

Endomysium

A

connective tissue covering each muscle cell

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13
Q

Fascicle

A

muscle cell arranged in small bundle

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14
Q

perimysium

A

connective tissue covering fascicles

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15
Q

epimysium

A

bundles are covered by connective tissue

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16
Q

Tendons

A

extensions of the three coverings attaching the muscle to the periosteum of bone

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17
Q

aponeurosis

A

wide, flat tendon

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18
Q

How do skeletal muscles produce movement?

A

by exerting force on tendons

19
Q

most muscle tendons:

A

cross at least one joint

attach to articulating bones to produce movement

20
Q

Origin

A

attachment of muscle tendon to the stationary bone

21
Q

insertion

A

attachment of the other tendon to moving bone

22
Q

Usually the origin is ________ and the insertion is ________

A

Usually the origin is PROXIMAL and the insertion is DISTAL

23
Q

true or false: muscles cover the moving part

A

false muscles do not cover the moving part

24
Q

What must a muscle tendon do to move a joint?

A

cross the joint it moves

25
Q

Lever

A

a rigid structure that can be moved around a fixed point

26
Q

Effort (E)

A

causing movement

27
Q

Load

A

weight of body or resistance to moving part

28
Q

Fulcrum

A

moving joint

29
Q

When does motion occur in a lever system

A

when muscle effort applied to bone at insertion exceeds the load

30
Q

What are the three types of levers

A

first class:EFL
second classFLE
third classFEL

31
Q

within a fascicle the muscle fibres are __________ to each other

A

parallel

32
Q

What are the patterns of fascicle arrangement with respect to tendons?

A 
parallel
fusiform
cicular
triangular
pennate
33
Q

How does length of fibres affect power and rom

A

the longer the fibres the greater rom it can produce

34
Q

How does the amount of fibres affect power and rom

A

the greater the total cross section the more power it can produce

35
Q

Agonist

A

prime mover, contracts to cause desired motion

36
Q

antagonist

A

streteches and yields to effects of prime mover

37
Q

synergist

A

adds power to agonist or prevents unwanted movements at intermediate joints

38
Q

fixator

A

stabilizes origin

39
Q

compartments

A

in limbs groups of skeletal muscles, their blood supply, and nerves that have common function

40
Q

in the upper limb the flexor compartment is

A

anterior

41
Q

in the upper limb the extensor compartment is

A

posterior

42
Q

in the lower limb the flexer compartment is

A

posterior

43
Q

in the lower limb the extensor compartment is

A

anterior

A + P 1 Before Midterm (25 decks)

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