The Muscular System

Question 1

How much of an adults body weight do muscles make up? What does it depend on?

Answer 1

40-50%

depends on % of fat, gender, exercise

Question 2

How do muscles work? Why?

Answer 2

transform chemical energy into mechanical energy to generate force, perform work, and produce movement

Question 3

What is a by product of muscle movement

Answer 3

heat

Question 4

What is movement

Answer 4

movement out of anatomical postion

Question 5

What are the three types of muscle tissue

Answer 5

skeletal
visceral
cardiac

Question 6

What is skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 6

located on skeleton
moves bones
multinuceated and striated
voluntary

Question 7

What is visceral muscle

Answer 7

organs, one nucleus, no striations, involuntary

Question 8

What is cardiac muscle?

Answer 8

heart, pumps blood, one nucleus, striated, intercalated discs, involuntary

Question 9

What are the functions of muscular tissue

Answer 9

1. producing body movements
2. stabilizing body positions
3. storing and moving substances
4. generating heat

Question 10

What are the special properties of muscle tissue

Answer 10

electrical excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

Question 11

How many skeletal muscles?

Answer 11

700

Question 12

Endomysium

Answer 12

connective tissue covering each muscle cell

Question 13

Fascicle

Answer 13

muscle cell arranged in small bundle

Question 14

perimysium

Answer 14

connective tissue covering fascicles

Question 15

epimysium

Answer 15

bundles are covered by connective tissue

Question 16

Tendons

Answer 16

extensions of the three coverings attaching the muscle to the periosteum of bone

Question 17

aponeurosis

Answer 17

wide, flat tendon

Question 18

How do skeletal muscles produce movement?

Answer 18

by exerting force on tendons

Question 19

most muscle tendons:

Answer 19

cross at least one joint

attach to articulating bones to produce movement

Question 20

Origin

Answer 20

attachment of muscle tendon to the stationary bone

Question 21

insertion

Answer 21

attachment of the other tendon to moving bone

Question 22

Usually the origin is ________ and the insertion is ________

Answer 22

Usually the origin is PROXIMAL and the insertion is DISTAL

Question 23

true or false: muscles cover the moving part

Answer 23

false muscles do not cover the moving part

Question 24

What must a muscle tendon do to move a joint?

Answer 24

cross the joint it moves

Question 25

Lever

Answer 25

a rigid structure that can be moved around a fixed point

Question 26

Effort (E)

Answer 26

causing movement

Question 27

Load

Answer 27

weight of body or resistance to moving part

Question 28

Fulcrum

Answer 28

moving joint

Question 29

When does motion occur in a lever system

Answer 29

when muscle effort applied to bone at insertion exceeds the load

Question 30

What are the three types of levers

Answer 30

first class:EFL second classFLE third classFEL

Question 31

within a fascicle the muscle fibres are __________ to each other

Answer 31

parallel

Question 32

What are the patterns of fascicle arrangement with respect to tendons?

Answer 32

``` parallel fusiform cicular triangular pennate ```

Question 33

How does length of fibres affect power and rom

Answer 33

the longer the fibres the greater rom it can produce

Question 34

How does the amount of fibres affect power and rom

Answer 34

the greater the total cross section the more power it can produce

Question 35

Agonist

Answer 35

prime mover, contracts to cause desired motion

Question 36

antagonist

Answer 36

streteches and yields to effects of prime mover

Question 37

synergist

Answer 37

adds power to agonist or prevents unwanted movements at intermediate joints

Question 38

fixator

Answer 38

stabilizes origin

Question 39

compartments

Answer 39

in limbs groups of skeletal muscles, their blood supply, and nerves that have common function

Question 40

in the upper limb the flexor compartment is

Answer 40

anterior

Question 41

in the upper limb the extensor compartment is

Answer 41

posterior

Question 42

in the lower limb the flexer compartment is

Answer 42

posterior

Question 43

in the lower limb the extensor compartment is

Answer 43

anterior