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A + P 1 Before Midterm > Skeletn of the Lower Extremities > Flashcards

Skeletn of the Lower Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

The lower extremities consist of what?

A

The girdle and the limb

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2
Q

What are the functions of the lower extremity?

A

-transmits the bodys weight to the ground keeping balance, allows for locomotion

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3
Q

What does the pelvic girdle consist of?

A

two coxal (hip) bones

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4
Q

How do the two coxal bones unite?

A

anteriorly at the pubic symphysis, and posteriorly with the sacrum at the SI joint

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5
Q

What is the bony pelvis?

A

the complete ring composed by the coxal bones, the public symphysis, the sacrum and the coccyx

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6
Q

What are the functions of the bony pelvis?

A

provides strong support for VC + pelvic organs, connects lower limb to axial skeleton

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7
Q

In a new born the coxal bones are united by what?

A

hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

When does the bones of the coxal bone fuse? Where?

A

by the age of 23 at acetabulum

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9
Q

What are the bones of the coxal bones?

A

ilium (superior), pubis (inferior and anterior), ischium (inferior and posterior)

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10
Q

What is the largest portion of the coxal bone?

A

ilium

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11
Q

What is the ilium composed by?

A

ala (superior), body (inferior)

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12
Q

True or false: the body of the ilium is not part of the acetabulum

A

False: the body IS part of the acetabulum

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13
Q

What is the ischium composed by?

A

body (superior), ramus (inferior)

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14
Q

What two bones fuse to form the obturator foramen?

A

pubis and ischium

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15
Q

What is the pubis composed by?

A

superior ramus, inferior ramus and body

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16
Q

What unites the two pubes?

A

pubic symphysis

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17
Q

What are the portions of the bony pelvis?

A

False (greater) pelvis (superior), True (lesser) pelvis (inferior)

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18
Q

What forms the pelvic brim? (order beginning posteriorly)

A

1.sacral promontory 2. arcuate line 3.pectineal line 4.pubic crest 5.public symphysis

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19
Q

What is the pelvic inlet?

A

the superior opening of the true pelvis bordered by the pelvic rim

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20
Q

What is the pelvic outlet?

A

the inferior opening of the true pelvis covered by muscles of the pelvic floor

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21
Q

What is the pelvic axis?

A

determined by the center points of both pelvic inlet and outlet, the route of the babys head as it descends through the pelvis

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22
Q

What is the difference between the general structure between the female and male pelvis?

A

Female: light and thin, Male:heavy and thick

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23
Q

What is the difference between the false pelvis between the female and male pelvis?

A

F: shallow, M:deep

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24
Q

What is the difference between the pelvic brim (inlet) between the female and male pelvis?

A

F: wide and more oval, M: narrow and heart shaped

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25
What is the difference between the pubic arch between the female and male pelvis?
F: Greater than 90 degree, M: Less than 90 degree
26
What is the difference between the coccyx between the female and male pelvis?
F: more moveable and straight down, M:less moveable and angled anteriorly
27
What is the difference between the sacrum between the female and male pelvis?
F: shorter and wider, M: longer and narrower
28
What is the difference between the pelvic outlet between the female and male pelvis?
F: wider, M: narrower
29
What is the SI joint formed by?
auicular surface of the sacrum and ilium
30
True or False: the SI joint is not a significant load bearing joint
False: the SI joint IS a significant load bearing joint
31
What restricts the ROM of the SI joint?
very well re-enforced ligaments
32
What type of joint is the SI joint?
inferior half is gliding synovial joint, other half is fibrous immoveable joint
33
What happens to the SI joint during pregnancy?
inferior gliding synovial joint increases
34
True or false: the synovial portion of the SI joint reduces with age
true
35
What is the longest, heaviest and strongest bone in the body?
femur
36
What does the femur articulate with?
acetabulum (prox), tibia and patella (dist)
37
Why are the knees closer to the midline?
the shaft of the femur arches medially bringing the knees closer to the midline
38
What is the patella?
sesamoid bone anterior to the knee
39
What are the portions of the patella?
base is prox end that develops in tendon of quads, apex is dist end and is pointed
40
What does the posterior aspect of the patella contain?
two articular facets for the two condyles of the femur
41
What are the functions of the patella?
increases the leverage of the tendon of the quads and maintain its position, protects knee joint
42
What type of joint is the coxal joint?
ball and socket
43
What are the articulating surfaces of the coxal joint?
acetabulum and head of femur
44
What are the extra capsular ligaments of the coxal joint
1.zona orbicularis, 2.iliofemoral, 3.pubofemoral, 4.ischiofemoral
45
What are the intracapsular ligaments of the coxal joint?
1.ligamentum teres of femur, 2.transverse ligament of acetabulum + acetabular labrum
46
What limits the ROM of the coxal joint?
all the ligaments
47
True or false: the tibia and fibula are weight bearing
false: ONLY tibia is weight bearing
48
Is the fibula lateral or medial to the tibia?
lateral
49
What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?
planar synovial joint
50
What is the proximal tibiofibular joint composed of?
tibial facet on the lateral condyle of fibula, and fibular facet on the head of tibia
51
is the PTFJ a common site of isolated injury?
NO!
52
Is the PTFJ a weight bearing joint?
no, but may help in dissipating torsional pressure
53
What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint? What is it re-enforced by?
sydesmosis, enforced by ligaments
54
What fixes the fibula distally to the tibia?
DTFJ
55
Is the lateral malleolus part of the ankle joint?
yes
56
What is the largest and most complex joint of the body?
knee joint
57
What forms the knee joint?
femur, patella, tibia
58
What type of joint is the knee joint? What movements are permitted?
modified hinge joint: flex/ext, slight med and lat rotation when in semiflexion
59
What is a bakers cyst? What causes it
some conditions such as arthritis may cause knee to produce synovial fluid excessively, the fluid builds up towards the popliteal region forming cyst, may be painful or asymptomatic, may resolve itself
60
What are the bones of the foot?
tarsal, metatarsal and phalangeal
61
How many tarsal bones? What are they?
seven: talus, calcaneus, navicular, three cuneform(medial, intermediate, lateral), cuboid
62
Which bone is the only bone that articulates with tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint?
talus
63
What is the largest tarsal bone?
calcaneus, supports talus
64
What metatarsal is thicker and stronger
1
65
What does a metatarsal bone consist of?
base (prox), shaft, head (dist)
66
True or false: each toe has three phalanges
false: each toe has three phalanges except hallux has two
67
What is inferior to the head of metatarsal I?
two unnamed sesamoid bones
68
All the bones of the foot are arranged into:
two arches to support the distribute the body weight
69
When do the arches of the foot fully develop?
12-13
70
What holds the arches of the foot
ligaments and tendons
71
What are the arches of the foot?
longitudinal (med and lat), transverse
72
What type of joint is the ankle joint? What movements are permitted>
hinge, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
73
What forms the ankle joint
talus, tibia, medial and lateral malleolus
74
What re-enforces the ankle joint?
two groups of extracapsular ligaments
75
What are the two groups of extra capsular ligaments?
medial: deltoid ligament, lateral: calcaneofibular, anterior and posterior talofibular

A + P 1 Before Midterm (25 decks)

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