Class 2: Basic Anatomical Terminology

Question 1

Anatomical position

Answer 1

individual stands erect, eyes facing forward, feet flat, arms at sides, palms turned forward

Question 2

What is the purpose of body cavities

Answer 2

helps protect, separate, support internal organs

Question 3

What are the major cavities

Answer 3

dorsal: contains cranial and vertebral canal

Ventral cavity: contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

Question 4

What forms the cranial cavity? What does it house

Answer 4

formed by bones of the skull, houses brain

Question 5

Meninges

Answer 5

membranes covering brain and spinal cord

Question 6

How many layers of meninges are protecting the brain?

Answer 6

three meninges

Question 7

What fluid surrounds the brain and spinal cord

Answer 7

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 8

What forms the thoracic cavity. What does it contain?

Answer 8

ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae and muscles

contains heart, lungs etc.

Question 9

how many spaces are within the thoracic cavity? What are they, and what do they contain

Answer 9

Pleural cavities (2)-contains lungs

Mediastinum- between pleural cavities - contains heart, thoracic organs

Question 10

What cavity is the heart in?

Answer 10

within the pericardial cavity that is within the mediastinum

Question 11

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 11

the diaphragm

Question 12

What is the diaphragm

Answer 12

dome shaped muscle

Question 13

What separates the abdominal cavity from the inferior pelvic cavity

Answer 13

no wall separates abdominal cavity from inferior pelvic cavity

Question 14

Viscera

Answer 14

organs in the cavities of the body

Question 15

Give some examples of abdominal organs

Answer 15

stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

Question 16

Give some examples of pelvic organs

Answer 16

bladder, part of the large intestine and internal genital organs

Question 17

What are membranes?

Answer 17

thin, pliable structures that cover, line and connect structures

Question 18

What are the membranes of ventral cavities called? Describe it.

Answer 18

serous membranes
-secrete serous fluid
-2 layers:
   -parietal: lines walls of cavities
   -visceral: lines, covers, protects and adheres   
   to organs

Question 19

What membrane lines the pleura cavity? Describe it

Answer 19

Pleura

Visceral pleura: clings to surface of the lungs
Parietal pleura:lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and superior surface of the diaphragm

Question 20

What is the pleural cavity?

Answer 20

in between visceral and parietal pleurae, filled with small amount of serous fluid that acts as lube for movements of the lungs

Question 21

What is the pericardium?

Answer 21

Forms the pericardial cavity which contains the heart

Question 22

Visceral pericardium

Answer 22

covers surface of the heart

Question 23

Parietal pericardium

Answer 23

forms pouch like structure for the heart

Question 24

What fluid is in the pericardial cavity, why?

Answer 24

serous fluid, for lubed movement of the heart

Question 25

Peritoneum

Answer 25

serous membrane of the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 26

Visceral Peritoneum

Answer 26

covers most of the abdominal viscera

Question 27

Parietal Peritoneum

Answer 27

lines the abdominal walls and the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Question 28

What allows free movement of the viscera in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 28

lubricating serum

Question 29

Describe the retroperitoneal space

Answer 29

organs in the retroperitoneal space are attached to the posterior abdominal wall, covered anteriorly by parietal peritoneum

Question 30

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 30

kidney, pancreas, adrenal glands, duodenum