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A + P 1 Before Midterm > Muscles of the Abdomen and Pelvis > Flashcards

Muscles of the Abdomen and Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anterolateral abdominal walls?

A

the space between the rib cage and pelvis, closed by the skin, fascia and four pairs of muscles

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2
Q

What are the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal walls?

A

rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis

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3
Q

The four pairs of muscles of the anterolateral abdominal walls acting bilaterally together does what? What does it aid?

A

compress the abdomen to aid in: defecation, urination, forced exhalation and childbirth

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4
Q

What is the origin of the rectus abdominis muscle

A

pubic crest and pubic symphysis

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5
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis

A

5-7 costal cartilages and xiphoid process

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6
Q

Where are the tendinous intersections of the rectus abdominis located?

A

one at level of naval
one near xiphoid process
one between the two above
sometimes at level of umbilicus

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7
Q

What is the rectus sheath

A

encloses the rectus abdominis, formed by the aponeuroses of the other three muscles

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8
Q

The right and left rectus sheath meet at the anterior midline to form what?

A

linea alba, from xiphoid process to pubic symthisys

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9
Q

Does the linea alba include the umbilicus ?

A

yes

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10
Q

What movements does the rectus abdominis produce acting bilaterally?

A

flexes spine, antagonizes erector spinae

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11
Q

What is the reverse muscle action of the rectus abdominis?

A

flexes pelvis on the spine

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12
Q

What is the superficial muscle of the abdomen?

A

external oblique

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13
Q

What direction do the muscle fibres of external oblique run?

A

inferiorly, anteriorly, medially

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14
Q

What is the origin of the external oblique

A

ribs 5-12

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15
Q

What is the insertion of the external oblique

A

iliac crest and linea alba

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16
Q

the aponeurosis of the external oblique forms what layer of the rectus sheath?

A

anterior layer, right and left muscles fuse @ linea alba

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17
Q

What forms the inguinal ligament?

A

the aponeurosis of the external oblique, ‘jumping’ between ASIS and pubic tubercle

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18
Q

What movement does the external oblique do acting bilaterally?

A

flexion of spine

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19
Q

What movement does the external oblique do acting unilaterally?

A

lateral flexion of spine, rotation of spine

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20
Q

What is the intermediate muscle of the abdomen?

A

internal oblique

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21
Q

What direction does the muscle fibres of the internal oblique run?

A

superiorly, anteriorly, medially

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22
Q

the fascicles of the internal oblique extend at what angle to external oblique?

A

right angle

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23
Q

What is the origin of the internal oblique muscles

A

iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia

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24
Q

What is the insertion of the internal oblique muscle

A

costal cartliages of ribs 7-10, linea alba

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25
Q

The aponeurosis of the internal oblique contributes to what layers of the rectus sheath?

A

anterior and posterior because its splits into two layers

26
Q

The aponeuroses of right and left internal oblique fuse where?

A

linea alba

27
Q

What movements does the internal oblique produce acting bilaterally

A

flexion of spine

28
Q

What movements does the internal oblique produce acting unilaterally

A

lateral flexion of spine, rotation of spine

29
Q

What is the deep muscle of the abdomen?

A

transversus abdominis

30
Q

What direction does the muscle fibres of the transversus abdominis run?

A

transversly around the abdominal walls

31
Q

What are the actions of the transversus abdominis

A

compression of abdominal walls, rotation of spine

32
Q

What is the origin of the transversus abdominis

A

iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, costal cartilages 5-10

33
Q

What is the insertion of the transversus abdominis

A

xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis

34
Q

The aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis for what layer of the rectus sheath

A

posterior layer

35
Q

What is the inguinal canal? Where is it located?

A

oblique passageway in the anterior abdominal wall located superior and parallel to the medial half of the inguinal ligament

36
Q

What is the length of the inguinal canal

A

4-5cm

37
Q

Where does the inguinal canal originate

A

deep inguinal ring

38
Q

Where does the inguinal canal end?

A

superficial inguinal ring

39
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring?

A

an opening in the aponeurosis of the transverse abdominis muscle

40
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

an opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

41
Q

What are the differences between the inguinal canal in men vs women?

A

in men contains spermatic cord

in women contains round ligament of uterus

42
Q

What is the posterior abdominal wall composed of?

A

lumbar vertabrae, hip bone, psoas major, iliacus, quadratus lumborum

43
Q

What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum

A

iliac crest and iliolumbar ligmanet

44
Q

What is the insertion of the quadratus lumbrum

A

12th rib and TP of L1-L4

45
Q

What are the bilateral actions of the the quadratus lumborum?

A
  • pulls 12th rib down during forced exhalation
  • fixes 12th rib to prevent excessive elevation during forced inhalation
  • extensor of spine
46
Q

what are the unilateral actions of the quadratus lumborum?

A

lateral flexion of the spine

47
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum?

A

thoracic spinal nerve T12 and lumbar spinal nerves L1-L3

48
Q

The muscles of the pelvic floor are also called:

A

pelvic diaphragm

49
Q

The pelvic diaphragm stretches from:

A

pubis to coccyx

50
Q

What is the largest and most important muscle of the pelvic floor

A

levator ani

51
Q

What are the three parts of the levator ani?

A

puborectalis
iliococcygeus
pubococcgeus

52
Q

True or false: the levator ani supports the pelvic viscera

A

true

53
Q

The levator ani acting in conjunction with the diaphragm to increase intra-abdominal pressure is useful for:

A 
coughing
forced exhalation
vomiting
urination
defecation
54
Q

What muscle functions as the internal sphincter for the anus?

A

levator ani

55
Q

What are the two muscles of the pelvic floor?

A

levator ani

ischiococcygeus

56
Q

What are the piercings of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

anal canal, urethra in both sexes

vagina in female

57
Q

True or false: females pelvic diaphragm is stronger than mens

A

false: females pelvic diaphragm is weaker than mens due to the piercing of the vagina

58
Q

What is the perineum

A

diamond shaped area closing the pelvic cavity

59
Q

What are the two triangles of the perineum? What divides them?

A

urogenital triangle
anal triangle
divided by a line between the two ischial tuberosities

60
Q

Describe the urogenital triangle

A

anterior portion of the perineum, sphincter for urethra, plays a roll in process of erection and ejaculation, contributes to intercourse

61
Q

Describe the anal triangle

A

posterior portion of the perineum, includes the external anal sphincter for voluntary control of defecation

A + P 1 Before Midterm (25 decks)

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