Muscles of the Abdomen and Pelvis

Question 1

What are the anterolateral abdominal walls?

Answer 1

the space between the rib cage and pelvis, closed by the skin, fascia and four pairs of muscles

Question 2

What are the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal walls?

Answer 2

rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis

Question 3

The four pairs of muscles of the anterolateral abdominal walls acting bilaterally together does what? What does it aid?

Answer 3

compress the abdomen to aid in: defecation, urination, forced exhalation and childbirth

Question 4

What is the origin of the rectus abdominis muscle

Answer 4

pubic crest and pubic symphysis

Question 5

What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis

Answer 5

5-7 costal cartilages and xiphoid process

Question 6

Where are the tendinous intersections of the rectus abdominis located?

Answer 6

one at level of naval
one near xiphoid process
one between the two above
sometimes at level of umbilicus

Question 7

What is the rectus sheath

Answer 7

encloses the rectus abdominis, formed by the aponeuroses of the other three muscles

Question 8

The right and left rectus sheath meet at the anterior midline to form what?

Answer 8

linea alba, from xiphoid process to pubic symthisys

Question 9

Does the linea alba include the umbilicus ?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

What movements does the rectus abdominis produce acting bilaterally?

Answer 10

flexes spine, antagonizes erector spinae

Question 11

What is the reverse muscle action of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 11

flexes pelvis on the spine

Question 12

What is the superficial muscle of the abdomen?

Answer 12

external oblique

Question 13

What direction do the muscle fibres of external oblique run?

Answer 13

inferiorly, anteriorly, medially

Question 14

What is the origin of the external oblique

Answer 14

ribs 5-12

Question 15

What is the insertion of the external oblique

Answer 15

iliac crest and linea alba

Question 16

the aponeurosis of the external oblique forms what layer of the rectus sheath?

Answer 16

anterior layer, right and left muscles fuse @ linea alba

Question 17

What forms the inguinal ligament?

Answer 17

the aponeurosis of the external oblique, ‘jumping’ between ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 18

What movement does the external oblique do acting bilaterally?

Answer 18

flexion of spine

Question 19

What movement does the external oblique do acting unilaterally?

Answer 19

lateral flexion of spine, rotation of spine

Question 20

What is the intermediate muscle of the abdomen?

Answer 20

internal oblique

Question 21

What direction does the muscle fibres of the internal oblique run?

Answer 21

superiorly, anteriorly, medially

Question 22

the fascicles of the internal oblique extend at what angle to external oblique?

Answer 22

right angle

Question 23

What is the origin of the internal oblique muscles

Answer 23

iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia

Question 24

What is the insertion of the internal oblique muscle

Answer 24

costal cartliages of ribs 7-10, linea alba

Question 25

The aponeurosis of the internal oblique contributes to what layers of the rectus sheath?

Answer 25

anterior and posterior because its splits into two layers

Question 26

The aponeuroses of right and left internal oblique fuse where?

Answer 26

linea alba

Question 27

What movements does the internal oblique produce acting bilaterally

Answer 27

flexion of spine

Question 28

What movements does the internal oblique produce acting unilaterally

Answer 28

lateral flexion of spine, rotation of spine

Question 29

What is the deep muscle of the abdomen?

Answer 29

transversus abdominis

Question 30

What direction does the muscle fibres of the transversus abdominis run?

Answer 30

transversly around the abdominal walls

Question 31

What are the actions of the transversus abdominis

Answer 31

compression of abdominal walls, rotation of spine

Question 32

What is the origin of the transversus abdominis

Answer 32

iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, costal cartilages 5-10

Question 33

What is the insertion of the transversus abdominis

Answer 33

xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis

Question 34

The aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis for what layer of the rectus sheath

Answer 34

posterior layer

Question 35

What is the inguinal canal? Where is it located?

Answer 35

oblique passageway in the anterior abdominal wall located superior and parallel to the medial half of the inguinal ligament

Question 36

What is the length of the inguinal canal

Answer 36

4-5cm

Question 37

Where does the inguinal canal originate

Answer 37

deep inguinal ring

Question 38

Where does the inguinal canal end?

Answer 38

superficial inguinal ring

Question 39

What is the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 39

an opening in the aponeurosis of the transverse abdominis muscle

Question 40

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 40

an opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

Question 41

What are the differences between the inguinal canal in men vs women?

Answer 41

in men contains spermatic cord | in women contains round ligament of uterus

Question 42

What is the posterior abdominal wall composed of?

Answer 42

lumbar vertabrae, hip bone, psoas major, iliacus, quadratus lumborum

Question 43

What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 43

iliac crest and iliolumbar ligmanet

Question 44

What is the insertion of the quadratus lumbrum

Answer 44

12th rib and TP of L1-L4

Question 45

What are the bilateral actions of the the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 45

- pulls 12th rib down during forced exhalation - fixes 12th rib to prevent excessive elevation during forced inhalation - extensor of spine

Question 46

what are the unilateral actions of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 46

lateral flexion of the spine

Question 47

What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 47

thoracic spinal nerve T12 and lumbar spinal nerves L1-L3

Question 48

The muscles of the pelvic floor are also called:

Answer 48

pelvic diaphragm

Question 49

The pelvic diaphragm stretches from:

Answer 49

pubis to coccyx

Question 50

What is the largest and most important muscle of the pelvic floor

Answer 50

levator ani

Question 51

What are the three parts of the levator ani?

Answer 51

puborectalis iliococcygeus pubococcgeus

Question 52

True or false: the levator ani supports the pelvic viscera

Answer 52

true

Question 53

The levator ani acting in conjunction with the diaphragm to increase intra-abdominal pressure is useful for:

Answer 53

``` coughing forced exhalation vomiting urination defecation ```

Question 54

What muscle functions as the internal sphincter for the anus?

Answer 54

levator ani

Question 55

What are the two muscles of the pelvic floor?

Answer 55

levator ani | ischiococcygeus

Question 56

What are the piercings of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 56

anal canal, urethra in both sexes | vagina in female

Question 57

True or false: females pelvic diaphragm is stronger than mens

Answer 57

false: females pelvic diaphragm is weaker than mens due to the piercing of the vagina

Question 58

What is the perineum

Answer 58

diamond shaped area closing the pelvic cavity

Question 59

What are the two triangles of the perineum? What divides them?

Answer 59

urogenital triangle anal triangle divided by a line between the two ischial tuberosities

Question 60

Describe the urogenital triangle

Answer 60

anterior portion of the perineum, sphincter for urethra, plays a roll in process of erection and ejaculation, contributes to intercourse

Question 61

Describe the anal triangle

Answer 61

posterior portion of the perineum, includes the external anal sphincter for voluntary control of defecation