Introduction to the Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the basic function of the skeletal systemc
- provide support for soft tissues
- attachment points for tendons of muscles
- protects internal organs
- assists in body movements
- red bone marrow participates in blood cell production
- stores + releases salts of calcium and phosphorus
- restores tryglycerides for energy in yellow marrow
What are the two types of bone tissue?
compact
spongy
what is spongey bone
located in interior of bone protected by compact bone, contains visible spaces filled with red bone marrow
what is compact bone
located in the exterior, makes bulk of body of bone
What is diaphysis
bone shaft or body
what is epiphysis
both ends of bone at joints
what is metaphysis
between diaphysis and epiphysis, contains epiphyseal plate where bone grows in length
what is the articular cartilage of bone
covering both epiphyses to form joint
what is the medullary cavity
marrow, within diaphysis, contains medulla
what is the endosteum
lines medullary cavity
how many bones in body
206
what are the two groups of bone
axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
what are the types of bones based on shape
flat long short seasamoid irregular
what is a joint
point of contact between:
2 or more bones
cartilage and bone
or teeth and bone
what is the structural classification of a joint?
presence of joint cavity, type of connective tissue inbetween
what is the functional classification of a joint
degree of movement permitted
Fibrous Joint
bones held together by dense irregular connective tissue
cartilaginous joint
bones held together by hyaline or fibrous cartilages
synovial joints
contain a synovial cavity within a connect tissue capsule
Synarthrosis
immoveable joint
amphiartrosis
slightly moveable joint
diathrosis
freely moveable joint
What are the features of a synovial joint?
large ROM
articulating bones covered with articular cartilage and held together by ligaments
have synovial cavity that contains synovial fluid
surrounded by an articular capsule reenforced by ligaments
have never and blood supply
Bursae
sac like structures filled with synovial fluid that cushion movement of one body part over another
Tendon Sheath
tube like bursae that wrap around tendons subject to great deal of friction
Articular discs
intra articular cartilage that usually divides synovial cavity into two spaces allowing separate movements in each space
Menisci
intra articular cartilage that is semi lunar shape
Labra (Labrum)
intra articular cartilage that is prominent in ball and socket joints
fibrocartilaginous lip that extends the edge of the socket of the joint
increases the area of contact of the articulating surfaces
What are the types of synovial joints
plantar or gliding hinge pivot condyloid saddle ball and socket
what are the movement of synovial joints
gliding
angular
rotation
special
What are angular movements
flx ex lat flx hyper ex ab ad circ
Range of movement
the range measured in degrees of a circle through which bones of a joint can be moved
What are factors that affect ROM?
- structure or shape of articulating bones
- strength of ligaments
- arrangement and tension of muscles
- contact with interposed soft parts
- action of hormones
- disuse of joint
