Introduction to the Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the basic function of the skeletal systemc

Answer 1

1. provide support for soft tissues
2. attachment points for tendons of muscles
3. protects internal organs
4. assists in body movements
5. red bone marrow participates in blood cell production
6. stores + releases salts of calcium and phosphorus
7. restores tryglycerides for energy in yellow marrow

Question 2

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 2

compact

spongy

Question 3

what is spongey bone

Answer 3

located in interior of bone protected by compact bone, contains visible spaces filled with red bone marrow

Question 4

what is compact bone

Answer 4

located in the exterior, makes bulk of body of bone

Question 5

What is diaphysis

Answer 5

bone shaft or body

Question 6

what is epiphysis

Answer 6

both ends of bone at joints

Question 7

what is metaphysis

Answer 7

between diaphysis and epiphysis, contains epiphyseal plate where bone grows in length

Question 8

what is the articular cartilage of bone

Answer 8

covering both epiphyses to form joint

Question 9

what is the medullary cavity

Answer 9

marrow, within diaphysis, contains medulla

Question 10

what is the endosteum

Answer 10

lines medullary cavity

Question 11

how many bones in body

Answer 11

206

Question 12

what are the two groups of bone

Answer 12

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Question 13

what are the types of bones based on shape

Answer 13

flat
 long
short
seasamoid 
irregular

Question 14

what is a joint

Answer 14

point of contact between:
2 or more bones
cartilage and bone
or teeth and bone

Question 15

what is the structural classification of a joint?

Answer 15

presence of joint cavity, type of connective tissue inbetween

Question 16

what is the functional classification of a joint

Answer 16

degree of movement permitted

Question 17

Fibrous Joint

Answer 17

bones held together by dense irregular connective tissue

Question 18

cartilaginous joint

Answer 18

bones held together by hyaline or fibrous cartilages

Question 19

synovial joints

Answer 19

contain a synovial cavity within a connect tissue capsule

Question 20

Synarthrosis

Answer 20

immoveable joint

Question 21

amphiartrosis

Answer 21

slightly moveable joint

Question 22

diathrosis

Answer 22

freely moveable joint

Question 23

What are the features of a synovial joint?

Answer 23

large ROM
articulating bones covered with articular cartilage and held together by ligaments
have synovial cavity that contains synovial fluid
surrounded by an articular capsule reenforced by ligaments
have never and blood supply

Question 24

Bursae

Answer 24

sac like structures filled with synovial fluid that cushion movement of one body part over another

Question 25

Tendon Sheath

Answer 25

tube like bursae that wrap around tendons subject to great deal of friction

Question 26

Articular discs

Answer 26

intra articular cartilage that usually divides synovial cavity into two spaces allowing separate movements in each space

Question 27

Menisci

Answer 27

intra articular cartilage that is semi lunar shape

Question 28

Labra (Labrum)

Answer 28

intra articular cartilage that is prominent in ball and socket joints fibrocartilaginous lip that extends the edge of the socket of the joint increases the area of contact of the articulating surfaces

Question 29

What are the types of synovial joints

Answer 29

``` plantar or gliding hinge pivot condyloid saddle ball and socket ```

Question 30

what are the movement of synovial joints

Answer 30

gliding angular rotation special

Question 31

What are angular movements

Answer 31

``` flx ex lat flx hyper ex ab ad circ ```

Question 32

Range of movement

Answer 32

the range measured in degrees of a circle through which bones of a joint can be moved

Question 33

What are factors that affect ROM?

Answer 33

1. structure or shape of articulating bones 2. strength of ligaments 3. arrangement and tension of muscles 4. contact with interposed soft parts 5. action of hormones 6. disuse of joint