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A + P 1 Before Midterm > Class 1: Introduction to the Human Body > Flashcards

Class 1: Introduction to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

the study of body structures and the physical relationships between structures

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2
Q

Define physiology

A

study of functions of structures

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3
Q

Embryology

A

first 8 weeks of development after fertilization of egg

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4
Q

Developmental

A

complete development of an individual from fertilization to death

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5
Q

Cell biology

A

cellular structure and functions

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6
Q

Histology

A

microscopic structure of tissues

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7
Q

Gross anatomy

A

structures that can be examined without a microscope

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8
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

structure of specific systems of body

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9
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

specific regions of the body

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10
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

surface markings to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation

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11
Q

Imaging anatomy

A

body structures that can be visulized with imaging techniques: ie x ray

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12
Q

Pathological anatomy

A

structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease

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13
Q

Neurophysiology

A

functional properties of nerve cells

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14
Q

Endocrinology

A

hormones and how they control body function

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15
Q

Cardiovascular physiology

A

functions of the heart and blood vessels

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16
Q

Immunology

A

the bodys defenses against disease causing agents

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17
Q

Respiratory physiology

A

functions of air passageways and lungs

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18
Q

renal physiology

A

functions of kidneys

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19
Q

Exercise Physiology

A

changes in cell/organ functions due to muscular activity

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20
Q

Pathophysiology

A

functional changes associated with disease and aging

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21
Q

Chemical level

A

smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions

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22
Q

Cellular level

A

smallest living thing

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23
Q

tissue level

A

group of similarly specialized cells that perform a specific function

24
Q

Organ level

A

recognizable shape and 2 or more types of tissue, specific function

25
Q

system level

A

related organs with common function

26
Q

organismal level

A

largest, all systems combined

27
Q

What are the eleven body systems?

A 
integumentary
muscular
lymphatic
digestive 
urinary
nervous
skeletal
cardiovascular
respiratory
reproductive 
endocrine
28
Q

What do the body systems do together?

A

work together to maintain health, provide protection and allow reproduction

29
Q

What are the basic life processes ?

A 
metabolism
responsiveness
movement
growth
reproduction
30
Q

What is metabolism?

A

sum of all physic and chemical processes

includes 2 phases: catabolism and anabolism

31
Q

What is responsiveness?

A

bodies ability to detect and react to external/internal environmental change

32
Q

What is movement?

A

motion of body, body parts, organs, cells, cellular structure, fluids etc.

33
Q

What is growth?

A

increase in size keeping original shape?

34
Q

What is reproduction

A

formation of new cells or new organism

35
Q

What are the other life processes?

A 
respiration
digestion
circulation
assimilation
absorption
excretion
36
Q

Define homeostasis

A

maintenance of bodys internal environment within certain physiological limits

37
Q

What happens when homeostasis is disturbed?

A

illness may occur, if fluids are not brought back to homeostasis death may occur

38
Q

What is stress?

A

anything disturbing homeostasis

continually disturbs homeostasis, from outside and inside (physiological stimuli)

39
Q

What are homeostatic mechanisms regulated by?

A

nervous and endocrine system oppose stress

40
Q

What is a feed back system?

A

cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is continually monitored, evaluated, changed and adjusted

ie. temp, blood pressure, blood glucos

41
Q

What are the three basic components of a feedback system?

A

receptor
control centre
effector

42
Q

what is a receptor in a feedback system

A

senses and monitors changes by stimuli and sends input in the form of nerve impulses, hormones or other chemical signals

43
Q

what is the control centre in a feedback system?

A

sets the range of values within a controlled condition should be maintained

generates output commands as needed in the form of nerve impulses, hormones or other chemical signals

44
Q

What is an effector in a feedback system?

A

receives output from the control centre, produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition

45
Q

What is a negative feedback system? Give an example.

A

reverses the original stimulus to bring back homeostasis

ie. skin receptors detect a cold enviroment, sends a nerve impulse to control centre which commands the muscles to contract (shivering) which produces heat, bringing body temp back to normal

46
Q

What is a positive feedback system? Give an example

A

generated response that strengthens or reinforces the original change that occurred in the controlled condition, will continue until interrupted or stopped, if it does not stop is life threatening

ie child birth

47
Q

What is a disorder?

A

any body abnormality of structure or function

48
Q

What is a disease?

A

illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms

49
Q

Is a disorder a disease?

A

a disorder is not always a disease, but a disease is a disorder

50
Q

What is a local disease?

A

affects one part or region of the bodyq

51
Q

What is a systemic disease?

A

affects the entire body or several parts of it

52
Q

What is a symptom?

A

subjective abnormality noted by patient, not apparent to observer

53
Q

What is a sign?

A

objective abnormality noted/measured by observer

54
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

studies why, when, and were diseases occur and how they are transmitted among individuals in a community

55
Q

What is pharmacology?

A

studies the effect and uses of drugs to treat diseases

A + P 1 Before Midterm (25 decks)

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