Class 1: Introduction to the Human Body

Question 1

Define Anatomy

Answer 1

the study of body structures and the physical relationships between structures

Question 2

Define physiology

Answer 2

study of functions of structures

Question 3

Embryology

Answer 3

first 8 weeks of development after fertilization of egg

Question 4

Developmental

Answer 4

complete development of an individual from fertilization to death

Question 5

Cell biology

Answer 5

cellular structure and functions

Question 6

Histology

Answer 6

microscopic structure of tissues

Question 7

Gross anatomy

Answer 7

structures that can be examined without a microscope

Question 8

Systemic anatomy

Answer 8

structure of specific systems of body

Question 9

Regional Anatomy

Answer 9

specific regions of the body

Question 10

Surface Anatomy

Answer 10

surface markings to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation

Question 11

Imaging anatomy

Answer 11

body structures that can be visulized with imaging techniques: ie x ray

Question 12

Pathological anatomy

Answer 12

structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease

Question 13

Neurophysiology

Answer 13

functional properties of nerve cells

Question 14

Endocrinology

Answer 14

hormones and how they control body function

Question 15

Cardiovascular physiology

Answer 15

functions of the heart and blood vessels

Question 16

Immunology

Answer 16

the bodys defenses against disease causing agents

Question 17

Respiratory physiology

Answer 17

functions of air passageways and lungs

Question 18

renal physiology

Answer 18

functions of kidneys

Question 19

Exercise Physiology

Answer 19

changes in cell/organ functions due to muscular activity

Question 20

Pathophysiology

Answer 20

functional changes associated with disease and aging

Question 21

Chemical level

Answer 21

smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions

Question 22

Cellular level

Answer 22

smallest living thing

Question 23

tissue level

Answer 23

group of similarly specialized cells that perform a specific function

Question 24

Organ level

Answer 24

recognizable shape and 2 or more types of tissue, specific function

Question 25

system level

Answer 25

related organs with common function

Question 26

organismal level

Answer 26

largest, all systems combined

Question 27

What are the eleven body systems?

Answer 27

``` integumentary muscular lymphatic digestive urinary nervous skeletal cardiovascular respiratory reproductive endocrine ```

Question 28

What do the body systems do together?

Answer 28

work together to maintain health, provide protection and allow reproduction

Question 29

What are the basic life processes ?

Answer 29

``` metabolism responsiveness movement growth reproduction ```

Question 30

What is metabolism?

Answer 30

sum of all physic and chemical processes includes 2 phases: catabolism and anabolism

Question 31

What is responsiveness?

Answer 31

bodies ability to detect and react to external/internal environmental change

Question 32

What is movement?

Answer 32

motion of body, body parts, organs, cells, cellular structure, fluids etc.

Question 33

What is growth?

Answer 33

increase in size keeping original shape?

Question 34

What is reproduction

Answer 34

formation of new cells or new organism

Question 35

What are the other life processes?

Answer 35

``` respiration digestion circulation assimilation absorption excretion ```

Question 36

Define homeostasis

Answer 36

maintenance of bodys internal environment within certain physiological limits

Question 37

What happens when homeostasis is disturbed?

Answer 37

illness may occur, if fluids are not brought back to homeostasis death may occur

Question 38

What is stress?

Answer 38

anything disturbing homeostasis continually disturbs homeostasis, from outside and inside (physiological stimuli)

Question 39

What are homeostatic mechanisms regulated by?

Answer 39

nervous and endocrine system oppose stress

Question 40

What is a feed back system?

Answer 40

cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is continually monitored, evaluated, changed and adjusted ie. temp, blood pressure, blood glucos

Question 41

What are the three basic components of a feedback system?

Answer 41

receptor control centre effector

Question 42

what is a receptor in a feedback system

Answer 42

senses and monitors changes by stimuli and sends input in the form of nerve impulses, hormones or other chemical signals

Question 43

what is the control centre in a feedback system?

Answer 43

sets the range of values within a controlled condition should be maintained generates output commands as needed in the form of nerve impulses, hormones or other chemical signals

Question 44

What is an effector in a feedback system?

Answer 44

receives output from the control centre, produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition

Question 45

What is a negative feedback system? Give an example.

Answer 45

reverses the original stimulus to bring back homeostasis ie. skin receptors detect a cold enviroment, sends a nerve impulse to control centre which commands the muscles to contract (shivering) which produces heat, bringing body temp back to normal

Question 46

What is a positive feedback system? Give an example

Answer 46

generated response that strengthens or reinforces the original change that occurred in the controlled condition, will continue until interrupted or stopped, if it does not stop is life threatening ie child birth

Question 47

What is a disorder?

Answer 47

any body abnormality of structure or function

Question 48

What is a disease?

Answer 48

illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms

Question 49

Is a disorder a disease?

Answer 49

a disorder is not always a disease, but a disease is a disorder

Question 50

What is a local disease?

Answer 50

affects one part or region of the bodyq

Question 51

What is a systemic disease?

Answer 51

affects the entire body or several parts of it

Question 52

What is a symptom?

Answer 52

subjective abnormality noted by patient, not apparent to observer

Question 53

What is a sign?

Answer 53

objective abnormality noted/measured by observer

Question 54

What is epidemiology?

Answer 54

studies why, when, and were diseases occur and how they are transmitted among individuals in a community

Question 55

What is pharmacology?

Answer 55

studies the effect and uses of drugs to treat diseases