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A + P 1 Before Midterm > Skeleton of the Upper Extremities > Flashcards

Skeleton of the Upper Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton formed by?

A

Upper and lower extremities

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2
Q

What are the portions of each extremity?

A

the girdle and the limb

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3
Q

What are the girdles?

A

1.pectoral (shoulder girdle) 2. pelvic (hip) girdle

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4
Q

The limbs are the __________________ portions of the extremitites

A

the limbs are the FREELY MOVEABLE portions of the extremitites

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5
Q

What is the primary functions of the upper extremitites?

A

movement!

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6
Q

What bones does the pectoral girdle contain?

A

the clavicle and the scapula

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7
Q

How does the pectoral girdle articulate with the axial skeleton?

A

articulates with the axial skeleton by the STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT (SCJ)

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8
Q

How is the pectoral girdle stabilized?

A

held in position and stabilized by muscles

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9
Q

What is the anterior bone of the pectoral girdle?

A

clavicle

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10
Q

What are the joints of the scapula (include articulating surfaces)

A
  1. Sternoclavicular (manubrium and sternal end of clavicle)
  2. Acromioclavicular (acromial end of clavicle and acromion process of scapula)
  3. Glenohumeral (glenoid fossa of scapula and head of humerus)
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11
Q

What does the clavicle look like?

A

horizontal long bone that has a ā€˜Sā€™ shaped body. The sternal end is round and the acromial end is flattened

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12
Q

What is on the inferior surface of the sternal end of the clavicle?

A

costoclavicular impression

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the costoclavicular ligament?

A

attaches the clavicle to the first rib

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14
Q

Where is the conoid tubercle of the clavicle located?

A

on the acromial end on the inferior surface of the clavicle

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15
Q

What is the conoid ligament for?

A

attaches the clavicle with the scapula

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16
Q

Where is the scapula situated?

A

between the levels of the second and seventh ribs

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17
Q

What does the scapula look like?

A

large, triangular, flat bone

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18
Q

What articulates with the scapula?

A

clavicle and humerus

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19
Q

How is the scapula held in position?

A

by muscles

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20
Q

What bones does the arm consist of?

A

humerus

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21
Q

What bones does the forearm contain?

A

ulna and radius

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22
Q

What bones does the wrist contain?

A

8 carpal bones

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23
Q

What bones does the volar region contain?

A

5 metacarpal bones

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24
Q

What bones does the phalangeal region contain?

A

14 phalangeal bones

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25
Q

What is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb?

A

the humerus

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26
Q

What bones does the humerus articulate with?

A

proximally: scapula, distally: raduis and ulna

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27
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

ball and socket

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28
Q

What are the articulating surfaces for the Glenohumeral Joint?

A

between glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus

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29
Q

What is the most freely moveable joint of the body?

A

GHJ

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30
Q

Why is the GHJ the most freely moveable joint of the body?

A
  1. loose capsule

2. shallow glenoid fossa and large head of humerus

31
Q

What strengthens the GHJ?

A

the ligaments of the joint only strengthen the capsule to some extent, most of the strength results from the rotator cuff muscles that surround the joint

32
Q

What are the anatomical components of the shoulder joint?

A

articular capsule, three ligaments, four bursae, and glenoid labrum

33
Q

Describe the articular capsule of the GHJ

A

thin and loose, weakest at the inferior part

34
Q

What are the ligaments of the GHJ

A

coracohumeral, glenohumeral, and transverse humeral

35
Q

What is the purpose of the coracohumeral ligament of the GHJ?

A

strengthens superior and anterior part of the capsule

36
Q

What is the purpose of the glenohumeral ligament of the GHJ?

A

plays a role in joint stabilization, minimal strength

37
Q

What is the purpose of the transverse humeral ligament of the GHJ?

A

bridges the intertubercular sulcus, holds the tendon of the biceps brachii

38
Q

What are the bursae of the GHJ?

A

1.subscapular 2. subdeltoid 3. subacromial 4. subcoracoid

39
Q

What is the most commonly injured bursae of the GHJ?

A

subacromial

40
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

fibrocartilage rim around the glenoid fossa

41
Q

What is the skeleton of the forearm composed by?

A

ulna and radius

42
Q

What bone of the forearm is slightly larger and medially located?

A

ulna

43
Q

What bone of the forearm is laterally located?

A

radius

44
Q

What bone of the forearm narrows in the distal end and widens in the proximal end?

A

ulna

45
Q

What bone of the forearm narrows in the proximal end and widens in the distal end?

A

radius

46
Q

Where does the ulna and the radius articulate with the humerus at the elbow?

A
  1. head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus

2. trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus

47
Q

How does the ulna and the radius connect?

A

1.at their proximal ends 2. at their distal ends 3. interosseous membranes

48
Q

The distal end of the ___________ articulates with _________ bones of the proximal carpal bones at the wrist joint

A

The distal end of the RADIUS articulates with THREE bones of the proximal carpal bones at the wrist joint

49
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint? What are the movements permitted by this joint?

A

hinge joint, allows flexion and extension

50
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the elbow joint?

A

1.capitulum and head of radius 2. trochlea and trochlear notch of ulna

51
Q

What are the ligaments of the elbow joint?

A

1.ulnar collateral 2.radial collateral 3.annular ligament of radius

52
Q

In the elbow joint there is also a __________ joint at the proximal ____________ joint

A

in the elbow there is also a PIVOT joint at the proximal RADIOULNAR joint

53
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the radioulnar joints?

A

proximal: head of radius and radial notch of ulna
distal: head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius

54
Q

What are the movements of the radioulnar joints?

A

pronation and supination

55
Q

What are the carpal bones united by?

A

intercarpal joints

56
Q

What bones are in the proximal row of the carpal bones (lateral to medial)

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform

57
Q

What bones are in the distal row of the carpal bones (lateral to medial)

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

58
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A

anterior concave space formed by the pisiform and hamate medially and the scaphoid and trapezium laterally

59
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum?

A

roof like covering over the carpal tunnel

60
Q

What is the carpal tunnel for?

A

passage of long flexor tendons

61
Q

In about 70% of wrist fractures what bone is broken?

A

Scaphoid

62
Q

What is the wrist joint formed by?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and distal end of the radius

63
Q

Is the ulna part of the wrist joint?

A

NO!!! separated by the articular disc

64
Q

What type of joint is the wrist joint?

A

condyloid

65
Q

What are the movements of the wrist joint?

A

flex/ext, AD/AB, circumduction

66
Q

How many metacarpal bones are there?

A

5

67
Q

The proximal end of a metacarpal bone is called what?

A

the base

68
Q

What joint does the base of the metacarpal bones form?

A

carpometacarpal joints

69
Q

The distal end of the metacarpal bones is called what?

A

head

70
Q

The head of the metacarpal bones forms what joints?

A

metacarpophalangeal joints

71
Q

How many phalageal bones?

A

14

72
Q

Are there the same amount of phalanges for each finger?

A

no. 2 for thumb and 3 for digits 2-5

73
Q

The joints in-between the phalangeal is called what?

A

interphalangeal

A + P 1 Before Midterm (25 decks)

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