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A + P 1 Before Midterm > Skeleton of the Upper Extremities > Flashcards

Skeleton of the Upper Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton formed by?

A

Upper and lower extremities

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2
Q

What are the portions of each extremity?

A

the girdle and the limb

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3
Q

What are the girdles?

A

1.pectoral (shoulder girdle) 2. pelvic (hip) girdle

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4
Q

The limbs are the __________________ portions of the extremitites

A

the limbs are the FREELY MOVEABLE portions of the extremitites

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5
Q

What is the primary functions of the upper extremitites?

A

movement!

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6
Q

What bones does the pectoral girdle contain?

A

the clavicle and the scapula

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7
Q

How does the pectoral girdle articulate with the axial skeleton?

A

articulates with the axial skeleton by the STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT (SCJ)

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8
Q

How is the pectoral girdle stabilized?

A

held in position and stabilized by muscles

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9
Q

What is the anterior bone of the pectoral girdle?

A

clavicle

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10
Q

What are the joints of the scapula (include articulating surfaces)

A
  1. Sternoclavicular (manubrium and sternal end of clavicle)
  2. Acromioclavicular (acromial end of clavicle and acromion process of scapula)
  3. Glenohumeral (glenoid fossa of scapula and head of humerus)
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11
Q

What does the clavicle look like?

A

horizontal long bone that has a ā€˜Sā€™ shaped body. The sternal end is round and the acromial end is flattened

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12
Q

What is on the inferior surface of the sternal end of the clavicle?

A

costoclavicular impression

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the costoclavicular ligament?

A

attaches the clavicle to the first rib

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14
Q

Where is the conoid tubercle of the clavicle located?

A

on the acromial end on the inferior surface of the clavicle

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15
Q

What is the conoid ligament for?

A

attaches the clavicle with the scapula

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16
Q

Where is the scapula situated?

A

between the levels of the second and seventh ribs

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17
Q

What does the scapula look like?

A

large, triangular, flat bone

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18
Q

What articulates with the scapula?

A

clavicle and humerus

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19
Q

How is the scapula held in position?

A

by muscles

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20
Q

What bones does the arm consist of?

A

humerus

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21
Q

What bones does the forearm contain?

A

ulna and radius

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22
Q

What bones does the wrist contain?

A

8 carpal bones

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23
Q

What bones does the volar region contain?

A

5 metacarpal bones

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24
Q

What bones does the phalangeal region contain?

A

14 phalangeal bones

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25
What is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb?
the humerus
26
What bones does the humerus articulate with?
proximally: scapula, distally: raduis and ulna
27
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
ball and socket
28
What are the articulating surfaces for the Glenohumeral Joint?
between glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus
29
What is the most freely moveable joint of the body?
GHJ
30
Why is the GHJ the most freely moveable joint of the body?
1. loose capsule | 2. shallow glenoid fossa and large head of humerus
31
What strengthens the GHJ?
the ligaments of the joint only strengthen the capsule to some extent, most of the strength results from the rotator cuff muscles that surround the joint
32
What are the anatomical components of the shoulder joint?
articular capsule, three ligaments, four bursae, and glenoid labrum
33
Describe the articular capsule of the GHJ
thin and loose, weakest at the inferior part
34
What are the ligaments of the GHJ
coracohumeral, glenohumeral, and transverse humeral
35
What is the purpose of the coracohumeral ligament of the GHJ?
strengthens superior and anterior part of the capsule
36
What is the purpose of the glenohumeral ligament of the GHJ?
plays a role in joint stabilization, minimal strength
37
What is the purpose of the transverse humeral ligament of the GHJ?
bridges the intertubercular sulcus, holds the tendon of the biceps brachii
38
What are the bursae of the GHJ?
1.subscapular 2. subdeltoid 3. subacromial 4. subcoracoid
39
What is the most commonly injured bursae of the GHJ?
subacromial
40
What is the glenoid labrum?
fibrocartilage rim around the glenoid fossa
41
What is the skeleton of the forearm composed by?
ulna and radius
42
What bone of the forearm is slightly larger and medially located?
ulna
43
What bone of the forearm is laterally located?
radius
44
What bone of the forearm narrows in the distal end and widens in the proximal end?
ulna
45
What bone of the forearm narrows in the proximal end and widens in the distal end?
radius
46
Where does the ulna and the radius articulate with the humerus at the elbow?
1. head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus | 2. trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus
47
How does the ulna and the radius connect?
1.at their proximal ends 2. at their distal ends 3. interosseous membranes
48
The distal end of the ___________ articulates with _________ bones of the proximal carpal bones at the wrist joint
The distal end of the RADIUS articulates with THREE bones of the proximal carpal bones at the wrist joint
49
What type of joint is the elbow joint? What are the movements permitted by this joint?
hinge joint, allows flexion and extension
50
What are the articulating surfaces of the elbow joint?
1.capitulum and head of radius 2. trochlea and trochlear notch of ulna
51
What are the ligaments of the elbow joint?
1.ulnar collateral 2.radial collateral 3.annular ligament of radius
52
In the elbow joint there is also a __________ joint at the proximal ____________ joint
in the elbow there is also a PIVOT joint at the proximal RADIOULNAR joint
53
What are the articulating surfaces of the radioulnar joints?
proximal: head of radius and radial notch of ulna distal: head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
54
What are the movements of the radioulnar joints?
pronation and supination
55
What are the carpal bones united by?
intercarpal joints
56
What bones are in the proximal row of the carpal bones (lateral to medial)
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform
57
What bones are in the distal row of the carpal bones (lateral to medial)
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
58
What is the carpal tunnel?
anterior concave space formed by the pisiform and hamate medially and the scaphoid and trapezium laterally
59
What is the flexor retinaculum?
roof like covering over the carpal tunnel
60
What is the carpal tunnel for?
passage of long flexor tendons
61
In about 70% of wrist fractures what bone is broken?
Scaphoid
62
What is the wrist joint formed by?
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and distal end of the radius
63
Is the ulna part of the wrist joint?
NO!!! separated by the articular disc
64
What type of joint is the wrist joint?
condyloid
65
What are the movements of the wrist joint?
flex/ext, AD/AB, circumduction
66
How many metacarpal bones are there?
5
67
The proximal end of a metacarpal bone is called what?
the base
68
What joint does the base of the metacarpal bones form?
carpometacarpal joints
69
The distal end of the metacarpal bones is called what?
head
70
The head of the metacarpal bones forms what joints?
metacarpophalangeal joints
71
How many phalageal bones?
14
72
Are there the same amount of phalanges for each finger?
no. 2 for thumb and 3 for digits 2-5
73
The joints in-between the phalangeal is called what?
interphalangeal

A + P 1 Before Midterm (25 decks)

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