The Male Reproductive System Flashcards
What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?
Increase in the number of prostatic cells resulting in the formation of nodules. Common
What are the signs/sympotms of BPH?
increased frequency, hesitancy, nocturia, terminal dribbling. Can lead to increased risk of infection
Treatment of BPH
Asympomatic: reduce fluid intake (esp. at night), reduce caffeine and alcohol, scheduled voiding.
Medical: alpha-blockers, reduces the smooth muscle tone in the prostate
Risk factors for Prostate Cancer
age, race, family history, hormone levels, diet
Signs/symptoms of prostate cancer
may be asymptomatic, nocturia, hesitancy, poor downstream, and terminal dribbling.
Examination shows hard, irregular prostate
Whats the diagnosis for Prostate Cancer?
Raised PSA (prostate specific antigen)
What is testicular torsion?
Occurs when the testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord which brings blood to the testes. Testis may lie high and transversely. most common in 11-30 year olds.
What are the signs/symptoms of testicular torsion?
Sudden onset of pain in 1 testis, pain in abdominal, nausea, vominting.
testis is hot, swollen and tender
Treatment of testicular torsion?
Urgent surgery if still viable, bilateral fixation. I abdominal then orchiectomy (removal of one or both testicle)
What are risk factors of testicular tumours?
(Malignant: 15-44 years old)
Undescended testis, infant hernia and infertility
How do testicular tumours present?
painless testicular lump often noted after trauma or infection
What are germ cell tumours?
Different categories: most common is seminoma
