The Lower Limb Muscle Groups Flashcards
What are the names for the two fascias for the thigh and lower leg?
Fascia lata (thigh) Fascia crura (lower leg)
The fascia lata is superficial to all muscles of the thigh, however encloses which two specific muscles?
Tensor fascia lata
Gluteus maximums
The fascia lata is continuous with which ligament?
Inguinal ligament
What vein passes through the Fascia lata? What is the name of the structure of the Fascia lata which it passes through?
Saphenous vein, passing through the Cribiform fascia of the Fascia lata
What are the three compartments of both the thigh and lower leg?
Thigh: Anterior, Posterior, Medial
Lower leg: Anterior, Posterior, Lateral
What is Compartment Syndrome?
Painful condition where pressure builds up in the muscles causing decreased blood flow reducing oxygen / nutrient supply
How can Compartment Syndrome be treated?
Fasciotomy
What are the five P’s of Compartment syndrome?
- Pallor
- Pulselessness
- Parasthesia
- Pain
- Paralysis
What are the muscles of the Anterior compartment of the Thigh?
Quadriceps femoris (Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius)
Sartorius
Pectineus
Where does the Rectus femoris originate and insert onto?
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS) to the Patella
Which of the Quadriceps femoris muscles are Bipennate?
Rectus femoris
Where does the Sartoritus originate and insert into?
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) to the tibia
What is the nerve supply and arterial supply of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh?
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
What is the function of the muscles in the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh?
Extension of knee
Flexion of hip
What are the muscles of the Medial compartment of the Thigh?
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externa
What is the nerve supply and arterial supply of the Medial compartment of the Thigh?
Obturator nerve
Obturator artery
What is the function of the muscles of the Medial Compartment of the Thigh?
Adduct the hips
What are the boundaries of the Femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
Sartorius
Adductor longus
What is the floor and roof of the Femoral triangle?
Roof = Fascia lata Floor = Pectineus, Iliopsoas, Adductor longus
Where would a femoral hernia occur?
In the empty space of the femoral triangle
Which of the contents of the Femoral triangle is not situated within the Femoral sheath?
Femoral nerve
What are the contents of the Femoral triangle?
NAVEL
Femoral Nerve Femoral Artery Femoral Vein Empty Space Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes
What common source does the Femoral and Obturator nerve come from?
Lumbar plexus
What are the muscles of the Posterior compartment of the Thigh?
Semitendinosus
Semimembraneosus
Biceps femoris
Adductor magnus
What is the nerve supply and arterial supply of the Posterior compartment of the Thigh?
Sciatic nerve
Profunda femoris
What is the origin of the Hamstring muscles of the Posterior compartment in the thigh?
Ischial tuberosity
What is the function of the muscles in the Posterior compartment of the knee?
Extension of hip
Flexion of knee
What are the muscles of the Gluteal region?
Gluteus maximus Glutetus medius Gluteus minimus Obturator internus and gamelli Quadratus femoris Tensor fascia lata
What is the function of the Gluteus maximus?
Extensor of the hip
What is the function of the Gluteus medius and minimus?
ABduction
Medial rotation
What is the source of the Sciatic nerve?
Sacral plexus
What are the muscles of the Anterior compartment of the Lower leg?
Tibilias anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius
What is the nerve supply and arterial supply of the Anterior compartment of the Lower leg?
Deep fibular nerve
Anterior tibial artery
What are the muscles of the Lateral compartment of the Lower leg?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
What is the nerve supply and arterial supply of the Lateral compartment of the Lower leg?
Superficial fibular nerve
Fibular artery
What are the muscles of the Posterior SUPERFICIAL compartment of the Lower leg?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
What are the muscles of the Posterior DEEP compartment of the Lower leg?
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Popliteus
What is the nerve supply and arterial supply of the Posterior compartment of the Lower leg?
Tibial nerve
Posterior tibial artery
What is the function of the muscles of the Anterior compartment of the Lower leg?
Dorsi-flexion of the ankle
What is the function of the muscles of the Lateral compartment of the Lower leg?
Eversion of ankle
What is the function of the muscles of the Posterior compartment of the Lower leg?
Plantar-flexion of the ankle
What is the shape of the Popliteal fossa? What are its contents?
Diamond shaped
Popliteal artery and vein
Tibial nerve
Small saphenous vein
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral
What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh, all of the lower leg and foot?
Sciatic
