Pathophysiology of Joint Disease Flashcards
How long does Early Morning Stiffness of the hands last for in Osteoarthritis and in Rheumatoid arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis: > 30 mins
Osteoarthritis: < 30 mins
In five words, sum up the clinical presentation of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic Symmetrical Inflammatory Deforming Polyarthritis
What is the primary site of inflammation of the Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Synovium
State two TNF-alpa inhibiting drugs used to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis
Infliximab
Adalimumab
What is “Sarcopenia”?
Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength as a result of ageing
Give examples of three hand deformities as seen as Rheumatoid Arthritis
Swan neck
Boutonniere
Z-deformity of the thumb
What cytokines lead to the extra-articular manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
TNF-a
IL-1
IL-6
What joints do Rheumatoid Arthritis typically affect?
MCP / PIP joints
Give examples of 3 assays which can be used to support a diagnosis of Rheumatoid arthritis
- Rheumatoid Factor
- Antinuclear antibody
- Anti-CCP / Anti-MCV
What HLA-DR serotype is associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis?
HLA-DR4
What systemic symptoms are present in Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Fatigue
Low grade fever
Anorexia
Muscle / joint stiffness
What systemic symptoms are present in Osteoarthritis?
Absent
What is the age of onset for Rheumatoid Arthritis?
20 - 40 years
What is the age of onset for Osteoarthritis?
> 50 years
What joints are affected in Osteoarthritis?
PIP / DIP joints
Large weight bearing joints i.e. hips / knees / spine
Radiologically, what might one see for a patient with Osteoarthritis?
Osteophytes
Joint space narrowing
In Osteoarthritis, is the synovial fluid clear or cloudy?
Clear
Gout affects what joint of the Hallux?
MTP joint (Podagra)
What are five modifiable risk factors for gout?
- Hyperuricaemia
- High purine diet (seafoods)
- Alcohol intake (darker beers)
- Obesity
- Medication
What medications increase your likelihood of gout?
- Low dose aspirin
- Thiazide diuretics
- Furosemide
- Cyclosporin
- Ethambutol
- Levodopa
- Nicotinic acid
Gout is a disorder of what metabolism?
Purine metabolism
What gender is more susceptible to Gout?
Males
What gender is more susceptible to Osteoarthritis?
Females
State the name of 2 drugs used to treat Gout. What is its mechanism of action?
Allopurinol & Febuxostat
Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor
What are two complications of gout?
Tophaceous deposits
Renal stones
Define septic arthritis
The invasion of a joint by an infectious agent resulting in joint inflammation
