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Medicine, Year 2, Block 12 (Neurological, Neuromuscular, and MSK Diseases) > The Ear and Hearing > Flashcards

The Ear and Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the ear?

A

Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

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2
Q

What are the three parts of the Outer ear?

A

Aurical / Pinna
External auditory meatus (ear canal)
Tympanum (ear drum)

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3
Q

What is the role of Outer ear?

A

Converts acoustic energy into kinetic energy

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4
Q

Why is the auricle and external auditory meatus shaped in a specific way?

A

To preferentially filter and amplify sounds for human speech

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5
Q

What is the shape of External auditory meatus?

A

Sigmoidal shaped

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6
Q

Describe what the External auditory meatus is surrounded by?

A

First 1/3rd of canal is surrounded by cartilage

Last 2/3rds of canal is surrounded by bone

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7
Q

What is found in the Cartilaginous portion of the Eardrum?

A

Hair, sebaceous glands, cerumineous glands

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8
Q

What structure separates the External ear from the Middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane

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9
Q

The Tympanic membrane is concave externally - what is the most depressed part of the cavity called?

A

Umbo

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10
Q

Which bone is attached to the medial Tympanic surface?

A

Malleus

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11
Q

The three bones of the Middle ear are called?

A

Ossicles

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12
Q

What is the name of the three Ossicles in the ear? Lateral to medial

A

Malleus (hammer)
Incus (anvil)
Stapes (stirrup)

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13
Q

What is the function of the Eustachian tube?

A

Pressure equalisation between the middle ear and external ear

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14
Q

Where is the Eustachian tube located in the ear?

A

Middle ear

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15
Q

What are the middle ear muscles? What do they attach to?

A

Tensor tympani: Attached to the Malleus

Stapedius: Attached to the Stapes

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16
Q

What is the role of the Middle ear muscles?

A

Acoustic reflex against high intensity sounds

17
Q

What is the innervation of the Middle ear muscles?

A

Stapedius: Facial nerve

Tensor Tympani: Mandibular branch of Trigeminal

18
Q

Bone conducts what frequencies of sound compare to air conduction?

A

Bone conducts lower frequencies than via air conduction

19
Q

The inner ear comprises what two structures?

A 
Cochlear (hearing) 
Vestibular system (balance)
20
Q

What are the three structures of the Cohlear?

A
  • Scala media
  • Scala vestibuli
  • Scala tympanic
21
Q

What is the range of human hearing?

A

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

22
Q

What is “Ultrasound” and “Infrasound”

A

Ultrasound: Beyond human hearing range

Infrasound: Below human hearing range

23
Q

What are the two types of Cillia on the Cochlear hair cells?

A

Sterocilla (short) and Kinocillium (long)

24
Q

Describe the path of the Auditory pathway (SLIM)

A

Superior Olivary Complex -> Lateral Lemniscus -> Inferior Colliculus -> Medial Geniculate Nucleus

25
Q

Where is the auditory cortex located in the brain?

A

Temporal lobe

26
Q

What are the two types of hearing loss?

A

Conductive hearing loss

Sensorineural hearing loss

27
Q

What is Conductive hearing loss?

A

Problems conducting sound waves through outer ear, eardrum or middle ear

28
Q

What is Sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Problems in the cochlea, vestibulocochlear nerve or auditory cortex of brain

29
Q

By performing the Rinne’s test, and it is found that Air Conduction (AC) is better than Bone Conduction (BC) - what does this mean?

A

Either normal, or sensorineural deafness

30
Q

By performing the Rinne’s test, and it is found that Bone Conduction (BC) is better than Air Conduction (BC) - what does this mean?

A

Conductive deafness

31
Q

I have performed a Rinne test which found AC > BC, after performing Weber’s the patient said they sounded the noise louder on the right side - what is the diagnosis?

A

Left sensorineural deafness

32
Q

I have performed a Rinne test which found AC > BC, after performing Weber’s the patient said they sounded the noise louder on the left side - what is the diagnosis?

A

Right sensorineural deafness

Medicine, Year 2, Block 12 (Neurological, Neuromuscular, and MSK Diseases) (36 decks)

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