Approaches to Patients with CNS Disorders II Flashcards
Where would a LMN lesion affect? Give some examples
- Anterior Horn Cell
- Nerve root
- Brachial / Lumbosacral Plexus
- Specific Nerve / Branch
- NMJ
- Muscle Disorder
- Peripheral Neuopathy
What is Dorsal Interossei muscle in the hand ennervated by?
Ulnar nerve
Cogwheel rigidity is synonymous with which condition?
Parkinson’s Disease
What are the two types of Abnormal Posturing?
- Decerebrate posturing
- Decorticate posturing
What are the characteristics of Decerebrate posturing?
Extension of upper limbs, extended elbows
What are the characteristics of Decorticate posturing?
Flexion of upper limbs, elbows bent inwards into chest
What is the cause of Decerebrate posturing?
Lesion below the red nucleus
What is the cause of Decorticate posturing
Lesion above the red nucleus
Describe Grades 0-5 of Motor Power
0 = No movement 1 = Flicker of movement 2 = Movement with gravity removed 3 = Movement against gravity 4 = Movement against resistance 5 = Normal power
In Primary Lateral Sclerosis, what kind of lesions occur? UMN or LMN?
UMN signs
In Spinal muscle atrophy what kind of lesions occur? UMN or LMN?
LMN signs
In Amyotrophic Lateral Schlerosisi, what kind of lesions occur? UMN or LMN?
UMN and LMN signs
What are the two dorsal columns of the spinal cord called?
Fasciculus Gracilis
Fasciculus Cuneatus
How is the descending Corticospinal tract topographically represented in the Spinal cord?
Lateral aspect: Sacral tracts
Medial aspect: Cervical tracts
How is the Anterior Spinothalamic tract topographically represented in the Spinal cord?
Lateral aspect: Sacral tracts
Medial aspect: Cervical tracts
How is the Posterior Spinothalamic tract topographically represented in the Spinal cord?
Lateral aspect: Cervical tracts
Medial aspect: Sacral tracts
If you had lateral compression of the spinal cord, what motor symptoms would occur?
UMN signs in the lower limbs
Lesions in the anterior Spinothalamic tract would cause what symptoms?
Contralateral loss of temperature and pain sensation
Lesions in the posterior Spinothalamic tract would cause what symptoms?
Ipsilateral loss of propioception
A cervical disc prolapse would cause what motor symptoms?
LMN ipsilateral symptoms at level of spinal cord
UMN ipsilateral symptoms below the spinal cord
What is Brown Sequard Syndrome caused by?
Hemispinal cord lesion
What are the symptoms of Brown Sequard syndrome?
Paralysis and loss of Propioception on ipsilateral side of lesion
Loss of temperature and pain sensation on contralateral side of lesion
What does the Romberg’s test assess?
Balance
What is a TIA defined as?
Episode of impaired cerebral circulation leading to reversible neurological deficit (Lasting less than 24 hours)
What are the two broad types of Stroke?
Ischaemic stroke
Haemorrhagic stroke
State 3 types of Ischaemic stroke
Thrombo-embolic
Embolic
Lacunar
Ataxia is caused by a lesion occurring where?
Cerebellar lesion
Lhermitte’s phenomenon is caused by what?
Compression of upper cervical spinal cord
Painful loss of vision in the right eye would suggest what neurological condition?
Optic neuritis
