Examination of the Limbs Flashcards
What are the two phases of the Gait cycle?
Stance Phase
Swing Phase
What is the difference between a step and a stride?
Step: Distance between one footstep and other footstep
Stride: Distance between one footstep and the same foot striking again
Where is the centre of mass located?
2 cm from the S2 vertebrae
Describe what the Antalgic Gait is with respect to the Swing and Stance phase
The weight on the affected limb is minimised. Less time is spent on stance phase and the swing phase is increased
Describe what the High Step / Neuropathic Gait is
Due to weak dorsiflexors ankle is weak / flaccid, it “slaps” down and the elasticity in the heel is absent
Describe what the Foot Drop gait is
Due to sciatic nerve injury, or paralysis of the Tibialis Anterior muscle
Describe the Trendelenburg Gait
Drop of pelvis when lifting the leg opposite to the side of Weak Abductor muscles, Gluteus medius and minimus
Shoulder abduction is a movement which is underpinned by what two bones?
2/3rds of abduction: Shoulder joint proper
1/3rd of abduction: Scapula
What is Frozen Shoulder Syndrome also known as?
Adhesive Capsulitis
What is Frozen Shoulder Syndrome caused by? What affect does this have on movement?
Adhesions building up in the shoulder joint, limiting movement in the shoulder joint proper. 2/3rds of shoulder movement is hence limited
What is a reliable test for a Rotator Cuff tear?
Drop Arm Test
What is a reliable test for Scapula Elevation?
Shoulder Shrug
What does the Axillary nerve supply?
- Deltoid muscle
- Regimental badge region
What nerve supplies sensation to the Deltoid muscle and the Regimental badge region?
Axillary nerve
What two movements of the forearm does the Biceps brachii assist with?
Flexion and supination of the forearm
Where do you have a greater degree of movement, in ulnar or radial deviation?
Ulnar deviation > Radial deviation
What is a reliable test for fixed flexion of the hip?
Thomas test
What is the degree of femoral neck anteversion in babies and adults?
At birth: 50 - 60 degrees
At adulthood: 10 - 15 degrees
How does the foot appear in femoral neck anteversion and retroversion?
Anteversion: In-toe gait
Retroversion: Out-toe gait
Where is true leg length measured from?
ASIS to medial malleolus
Where is apparent leg length measured from?
Umbilicus to medial malleolus
What is Genu valgum and Genu varus, and Genu recurvatum?
Genu valgum - Knock knees
Genu varus - Bowed legs
Genu recurvatum - Back knees
What test is used to test for Anterior Cruciate ligament?
Positive anterior draw test/sign
What test is used to test for Posterior Cruciate ligament?
Posterior sag
What neurological level supplies motor function to the Tibilias anterior?
Neurological Level L4
What neurological level supplies reflex enervation to the knee jerk?
Neurological Level L4
What neurological level supplies sensation to the Medial Malleolus?
Neurological Level L4
What neurological level supplies motor function to the Extensor Hallux?
Neurological Level L5
What reflex is supplied by Neurological Level 5?
None
What neurological level supplies sensation to the dorsum of the foot?
Neurological Level L5
What neurological level supplies motor function to the Perineum?
Neurological Level S1
What neurological level supplies the reflex supply to the ankle jerk?
Neurological Level S1
What neurological level supplies sensation to the lateral border of the foot?
Neurological Level S1
