Functional and Clinical Anatomy of the Shoulder Flashcards
What is the shoulder joint also known as?
The glenohumeral joint
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Synovial / Ball & Socket Joint
The coracoid process is a prominence of what bone?
Scapula
What is the name for the joint connecting the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula?
Acromioclavicular joint
The acromion is a process of what bone?
Scapula
Every muscle which arises from the coracoid is what type of muscle?
A flexor muscle
Every muscle which arises from the main scapula is what type of muscle?
An extensor or ABductor muscle
What is the relevance of the Anatomical neck in the Proximal Humerus?
There is where the Epiphysis lies between the head and shaft
What structure passes through the Intertubercular sulcus of the Humerus?
Long head of the Biceps tendon
A fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus can cause damage to what nerve? What does this lead to?
Axillary nerve
Deltoid paralysis, loss of sensation in regimental badge region
Which ligament connects a structure of the scapula to another structure of the scapula?
Coracoacromial ligament
What are the names for the Coracoclavicular ligaments (2)?
Trapezoid ligament
Conoid ligament
What type of joint connects the clavicle with the sternum?
Synovial joint with intra-articular disc
What cavity does the shoulder joint sit in?
Glenoid cavity
What four muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Teres minor
Is the teres major a rotator cuff muscle?
No, it inserts on the humeral shaft, not on the head
The glenohumeral joint is likely to dislocate in what direction?
Inferiorly, because there are no muscles supporting inferior to the glenohumeral joint
What are all the functional movements of the shoulder?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Internal rotation
- External rotation
What test can be performed to test for Supraspinatus tendinitis?
Pain arc, between 45 - 120 degrees
Less than 45 degrees = painless
Greater than 120 degrees = painless
A pain arc between 45 - 120 degrees suggests what pathology?
Supraspinatus tenditinis
Inferior dislocations are not stable - where are they likely to go?
Anterior or posterior dislocation
The capsule of the glenohumeral joint is comprised of two layers called?
Synovial layer and Fibrous layer
What ligament bridges the gap between the greater and lesser tuberosities of the humerus?
Transverse humeral ligament
What ligament protects the superior aspect of the glenohumeral joint?
Coracoacromial ligament
What is the name for the group of muscles which support the shoulder joint?
Rotator cuff muscles
Where does the subscapularis muscles insert on the humerus?
Lesser tuberosity
Where does the infraspinatus insert on the humerus?
Greater tuberosity
Where does the teres minor insert on the humerus?
Greater tuberosity
Where does the supraspinatus insert on the humerus?
Greater tuberosity
Where does the coracobrachialis muscle originate and insert onto?
Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: on Humerus shaft
Where does the deltoid originate from?
Scapula and clavicle
Where does the deltoid insert onto?
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Where does the short and long head of Biceps brachii originate from?
Short head: Coracoid process of scapula
Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
What are the four bursae of the shoulder joint?
- Subacromial & subdeltoid bursae
- Subcoracoid bursa
- Subtendinous bursa
- Intertubercular synovial sheath
What is the blood supply to the shoulder joint?
Anterior circumflex humeral artery (from axillary artery)
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Suprascapular artery (from subclavian)
What is the nerve supply to the Supraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve
The supraspinatus muscle when contracted, performs what movement?
Abduction of the arm
What is the nerve supply of the Infraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve
When the Infraspinatus contracts, what movement is performed?
External rotation of arm
What is the nerve supply of the Teres minor?
Axillary nerve
What is the origin of the Teres minor?
Lateral border of Scapula
When the Teres minor contracts, what movement is performed?
External rotation
Adduction
When the Subscapularis contracts, what movement is performed?
Internal rotation
Adduction / abduction
What is the nerve supply of the Subscapularis?
Subscapular nerve
