Functional and Clinical Anatomy of the Shoulder

Question 1

What is the shoulder joint also known as?

Answer 1

The glenohumeral joint

Question 2

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 2

Synovial / Ball & Socket Joint

Question 3

The coracoid process is a prominence of what bone?

Answer 3

Scapula

Question 4

What is the name for the joint connecting the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula?

Answer 4

Acromioclavicular joint

Question 5

The acromion is a process of what bone?

Answer 5

Scapula

Question 6

Every muscle which arises from the coracoid is what type of muscle?

Answer 6

A flexor muscle

Question 7

Every muscle which arises from the main scapula is what type of muscle?

Answer 7

An extensor or ABductor muscle

Question 8

What is the relevance of the Anatomical neck in the Proximal Humerus?

Answer 8

There is where the Epiphysis lies between the head and shaft

Question 9

What structure passes through the Intertubercular sulcus of the Humerus?

Answer 9

Long head of the Biceps tendon

Question 10

A fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus can cause damage to what nerve? What does this lead to?

Answer 10

Axillary nerve

Deltoid paralysis, loss of sensation in regimental badge region

Question 11

Which ligament connects a structure of the scapula to another structure of the scapula?

Answer 11

Coracoacromial ligament

Question 12

What are the names for the Coracoclavicular ligaments (2)?

Answer 12

Trapezoid ligament

Conoid ligament

Question 13

What type of joint connects the clavicle with the sternum?

Answer 13

Synovial joint with intra-articular disc

Question 14

What cavity does the shoulder joint sit in?

Answer 14

Glenoid cavity

Question 15

What four muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Answer 15

Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Teres minor

Question 16

Is the teres major a rotator cuff muscle?

Answer 16

No, it inserts on the humeral shaft, not on the head

Question 17

The glenohumeral joint is likely to dislocate in what direction?

Answer 17

Inferiorly, because there are no muscles supporting inferior to the glenohumeral joint

Question 18

What are all the functional movements of the shoulder?

Answer 18

• Flexion
• Extension
• Abduction
• Adduction
• Internal rotation
• External rotation

Question 19

What test can be performed to test for Supraspinatus tendinitis?

Answer 19

Pain arc, between 45 - 120 degrees

Less than 45 degrees = painless

Greater than 120 degrees = painless

Question 20

A pain arc between 45 - 120 degrees suggests what pathology?

Answer 20

Supraspinatus tenditinis

Question 21

Inferior dislocations are not stable - where are they likely to go?

Answer 21

Anterior or posterior dislocation

Question 22

The capsule of the glenohumeral joint is comprised of two layers called?

Answer 22

Synovial layer and Fibrous layer

Question 23

What ligament bridges the gap between the greater and lesser tuberosities of the humerus?

Answer 23

Transverse humeral ligament

Question 24

What ligament protects the superior aspect of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 24

Coracoacromial ligament

Question 25

What is the name for the group of muscles which support the shoulder joint?

Answer 25

Rotator cuff muscles

Question 26

Where does the subscapularis muscles insert on the humerus?

Answer 26

Lesser tuberosity

Question 27

Where does the infraspinatus insert on the humerus?

Answer 27

Greater tuberosity

Question 28

Where does the teres minor insert on the humerus?

Answer 28

Greater tuberosity

Question 29

Where does the supraspinatus insert on the humerus?

Answer 29

Greater tuberosity

Question 30

Where does the coracobrachialis muscle originate and insert onto?

Answer 30

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula Insertion: on Humerus shaft

Question 31

Where does the deltoid originate from?

Answer 31

Scapula and clavicle

Question 32

Where does the deltoid insert onto?

Answer 32

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Question 33

Where does the short and long head of Biceps brachii originate from?

Answer 33

Short head: Coracoid process of scapula Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Question 34

What are the four bursae of the shoulder joint?

Answer 34

- Subacromial & subdeltoid bursae - Subcoracoid bursa - Subtendinous bursa - Intertubercular synovial sheath

Question 35

What is the blood supply to the shoulder joint?

Answer 35

Anterior circumflex humeral artery (from axillary artery) Posterior circumflex humeral artery Suprascapular artery (from subclavian)

Question 36

What is the nerve supply to the Supraspinatus?

Answer 36

Suprascapular nerve

Question 37

The supraspinatus muscle when contracted, performs what movement?

Answer 37

Abduction of the arm

Question 38

What is the nerve supply of the Infraspinatus?

Answer 38

Suprascapular nerve

Question 39

When the Infraspinatus contracts, what movement is performed?

Answer 39

External rotation of arm

Question 40

What is the nerve supply of the Teres minor?

Answer 40

Axillary nerve

Question 41

What is the origin of the Teres minor?

Answer 41

Lateral border of Scapula

Question 42

When the Teres minor contracts, what movement is performed?

Answer 42

External rotation | Adduction

Question 43

When the Subscapularis contracts, what movement is performed?

Answer 43

Internal rotation | Adduction / abduction

Question 44

What is the nerve supply of the Subscapularis?

Answer 44

Subscapular nerve