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Medicine, Year 2, Block 12 (Neurological, Neuromuscular, and MSK Diseases) > Testing the Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Testing the Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

State the 12 Cranial Nerves

A 
I: Olfactory
II: Optic
III: Oculomotor
IV: Trochlear
V: Trigeminal
VI: Abducens
VII: Facial
VIII: Vestibulocochlear
IX: Glossopharyngeal
X: Vagus
XI: Accessory
XII: Hypoglossal
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2
Q

Where is the Nuclei for each of the Cranial Nerves? (2, 2, 4, 4)

A

Cranial Nerves I-II: Cerebrum
Cranial Nerves III-IV: Midbrain
Cranial Nerves V-VIII: Pons
Cranial Nerves IX-XII: Medulla

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3
Q

What is the modality for the 12 Cranial Nerves?

A 
I: Olfactory - Sensory
II: Optic - Sensory
III: Oculomotor - Motor
IV: Trochlear - Motor
V: Trigeminal - Both 
VI: Abducens - Motor
VII: Facial - Both
VIII: Vestibulocochlear - Sensory
IX: Glossopharyngeal - Both
X: Vagus - Both 
XI: Accessory - Motor
XII: Hypoglossal - Motor
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4
Q

Where does Cranial Nerve I, the Olfactory Nerve exit?

A

Cribiform Plate

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5
Q

Describe the route of Cranial Nerve I, the Olfactory Nerve

A

Primary neurones pass through Cribiform plate -> Synapse with mitral cells -> Olfactory tract -> Olfactory stria -> Amygdala -> Hippocampus

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6
Q

Why is smell intimately connected with emotions, memory, motivation and behaviour?

A

Because impulses run to the Amygdala and Hippocampus which are components of the Limbic system

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7
Q

Describe the route of Cranial Nerve II, the Optic Nerve

A

Eye - > Optic Nerve -> Optic Chiasm -> Optic Tract -> Lateral geniculate nucleus -> Optic radiation -> Primary visual cortex

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8
Q

Where does decussation of the Optic Nerve occur?

A

Optic Chiasm

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9
Q

Where is the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus located?

A

Thalamus

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10
Q

What is Scotomata?

A

Blind spots in visual fields

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11
Q

What is Hemianopia?

A

Decreased vision in half of visual field

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12
Q

What is Quadrantanopia?

A

Decreased vision in quarter of visual field

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13
Q

What test is used to assess Colour Blindness?

A

Ishihara Test

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14
Q

What conditions might Visual Fields assess for?

A

Scotomata
Hemianopia
Quadrantanopia

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15
Q

Which extrinsic eye muscle runs through the Trochlea?

A

Superior Oblique

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16
Q

What is the main connection between the Oculomotor, Trochlear and Abducens nerve?

A

Medial Longitudinal Fissure

17
Q

What is the relevance of the Medial Longitudinal Fissure with respect to the Cranial nerves

A

Connection between the Oculomotor, Trochlear and Abducens nerve

18
Q

What is the Direct and Consusual Response in the Pupillary light reflex?

A

Direct response = Constriction of pupil of same eye

Consensual response = Constriction of pupil of other eye

19
Q

Ptosis is caused by a lesion in which Cranial Nerve?

A

Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)

20
Q

What are the three branches of the Trigeminal Nerve?

A

Ophthalmic: V1
Maxillary: V2
Mandibular: V3

21
Q

What is the modality of the Ophthalmic, Maxillary and Mandibular branches of the Trigeminal?

A

Ophthalmic: Sensory
Maxillary: Sensory
Mandibular: Both

22
Q

Where does the Ophthalmic branch of the Trigeminal exit?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

23
Q

Where does the Maxillary branch of the Trigeminal exit?

A

Foramen Rotundum

24
Q

Where does the Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal exit?

A

Foramen Ovale

25
Q

What is the sensory / motor function of the Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal nerve?

A

Sensory: Sensation to anterior 2/3rds of tongue

Motor: Muscles of Mastication

26
Q

What is the sensory / motor function of the Facial nerve?

A

Sensory: Taste to the anterior 2/3rds of tongue

Motor: Muscles of facial expression

27
Q

What is the sensory function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Sensory: Sensation and taste to the Posterior 1/3rds of the tongue

28
Q

Where does the Vestibulocochlear nerve exit the skull?

A

Internal Acoustic Meatus

29
Q

Where does Cranial nerves IX, X, XI exit the brain?

A

Jugular Foramen

30
Q

Where does Cranial Nerve XII exit the brain?

A

Hypoglossal canal

31
Q

Unilateral damage to nerves causes deviation of the uvula to which side?

A

Uvula will deviate towards UNAFFECTED side, or will deviate away from the affected side

32
Q

What is the motor function of the Hypoglossal nerve?

A

Extrinsic / Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

33
Q

Weakness / deviation of for example, the left hand side of the tongue suggests a nerve lesion of what side?

A

Left hand side (Ipsilateral)

Medicine, Year 2, Block 12 (Neurological, Neuromuscular, and MSK Diseases) (36 decks)

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