The Kidneys and suprarenal glands Flashcards
functions of kidneys
- excrete most of the waste products of metabolism
- Control the water and electrolyte balance of the body
- Secrete hormones and renin into the blood stream
two kidneys filter
about 113 to 144 pints of blood a day
Filters all blood 400 times a day
kidneys lie
behind the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall
R kidney lower bc of large R lobe of liver
With contraction of the diaphragm
during respiration…
both kidneys move down 2.5cm
Medulla is composed of
up to a dozen renal pyramids
the renal papilla projects medially to
renal sinus which is surrounded by minor calyx which recieves urine
minor calyx merges to form
major calyx – merge to renal pelvis
The renal artery arises from the aorta at
L1 OR L2
Each renal artery divides into
anterior and posterior branches
accessory renal/extrahilar arteries common
how many segmental arteries enter the hilum of the kidney?
5 ..four
infront and one behind the renal pelvis
what arises from segmental arteries
2or 3 Interlobar arteries , one for each renal pyramid
The interlobar arteries run toward
cortex on each side of renal pyramid
Interlobar arteries form into
where
arcuate arteries
at the junction of cortex and medulla
what supplies each nephron
Afferent glomerular arterioles and
their efferent arterioles
what veins exit kidney
Peritubular venule, interlobar veins and renal vein
Renal veins emerges from
drains into
- hilum infront of renal artery
- IVC
coverings of kidney
renal capsule
Perirenal adipose fat
Renal fascia
renal capsule
surrounds kidney
filled with nociceptors
Continuous with outer coat of ureter
Perirenal adipose fat
Covers the capsule,
protective
Renal fascia functions
-connective tissue that encloses the kidneys and suprarenal glands
-Continuous with the fascia of transversalis ,diaphragm
above supra-renal gland ,IVC, psoas and aorta (med)
-Anchors kidney to abdominal wall
The ureters enter the pelvis by
crossing the bifurcation of the common iliac artery in front of the sacroiliac joint
The two ureters are
muscular tubes that extend from the
kidneys to post surface of urinary bladder.
Retroperitoneal.
urine travels down ureter by
peristaltic contractions
ureter measures about
25cm long
Each ureter has three constrictions along its course –
- uretropelvic junction
- As it crosses the pelvic brim / crossing common iliac or internal iliac
- Where it pierces the bladder wall ( intra-mural part)
Right ureter relations … anterior
1.Duodenum,
2.Terminal part of the ileum
3.Right colic vessels
4.Iliocolic vessels
5. Right testicular or ovarian
vessels
6. Root of the mesentery
Right ureter relations… posterior
R psoas muscle,
R common iliac artery Bifurcation
Left ureter relations… anterior
1.Sigmoid colon
2.Sigmoid mesocolon
3. Left colic vessels
4.Left testicular or ovarian
vessels
Left ureter relation… posterior
L psoas muscle,
L common iliac artery Bifurcation
middle portion of ureter blood supply
testicular or ovarian artery
In the pelvis, the ureter is supplied by the
superior vesical artery from
internal iliac
